59876623-Spotlight-on-Britain
.pdfA famous shipwreck
A shipwreck that has received a lot of attention is the 'Mary Rose', which was built at Portsmouth over 400 years ago on the orders of Henry WI. He was watching the ship sailing out with 60 others, when suddenly she sank for no apparent reason. Perhaps she was overloaded. Whatever the reason, she sank within minutes, and almost all of the 700 crew were drowned.
The ship lay undisturbed in soft mud until the 1970s, when marine archaeologistsand a team of divers began exploring the wreck. They discovered that the hull was complete and that there was a huge variety of artefacts, for example clothes and shoes as well as pottery and metal and wooden objects.
The 'Maly Rose', and artefactsfound in her wreck.
WORDS
Here is a list of people and things they |
sociologists |
animal life |
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living things |
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studv. Match the aeoole in the left-hand |
geologists |
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column with the subjects in the right-hand |
archaeologists |
people in groups |
column. Work with a partner and ask and |
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answer like this: |
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environment
The Southwest |
77 |
Glossary
artefact something made by human beings |
marsh wet land |
bakingpowder a powder used instead of |
medicine-man a doctor in primitive |
yeast to make cakes rise |
society |
Bank Holiday a public holiday |
observe to watch careMIy |
beauty-spot a place people visit because it |
offshore a short way out to sea |
is beautiful |
pastry a mixture of flour and water, used |
cannibalism eating human flesh |
for pies |
castor sugar very fine sugar |
peninsula an area of land almost |
chaos great confusion |
surrounded by sea |
cliff a steep rock |
pirate a person who robs ships at sea |
deserted empty, lonely |
rear (u) to bring up an animal |
devil the spirit of evil, Satan |
recipe instructions for preparing and |
ditch a narrow channel dug in a field |
cooking food |
dough a mixture of flour and water or milk |
ritelrihlal religious act($, usually |
eclipse (n) the disappearance of the light of |
performed in a special order |
the sun or reflected light of the moon, |
savoury not sweet, salty |
when the moon is between the sun and |
shipwreck a ship which has been |
the earth, or when the earth's shadow |
destroyed at sea, ofien on rocks |
falls on the moon |
stalactite a long structute formed by |
estuary the mouth of a river |
dripping water which hangs from the |
friar a man who is a member of a religious . |
roof of a cave |
order |
stalagmite like a stalactite, but it stands on |
gale an extremely strong wind |
the floor of a cave |
gas mark a system for measuring |
suppressed stopped by the law |
temperature in a gas oven |
surf to ride on top of the waves, balanced |
generate to produce and send |
on a long board |
get away from it all to escape from the |
teaspoon a spoon used to stir tea |
noise and pressure of everyday life |
terrestrial of the earth or land |
heath area of sandy soil where you will |
track a line or path |
probably find heather (a plant) |
trafiic jam a long queue of cars, lorries, |
hull the main body of a ship |
buses, bicycles, etc |
infamous well-known for negative reasons |
transatlantic steamer a large ship worked |
lantern a light out-of-doors |
by steam which crosses the Atlantic |
legend a story or folk-tale |
Ocean |
lighthouse-keeper the person who looks |
utensil a tool for use in the kitchen |
after the building with a Light which |
washed up carried on to the beach by the |
warns ships |
waves of the sea |
mainland a larger area of land in contrast |
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to small islands |
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78 Unit seven
At the beginning of the 6th century, Scotland was ruled by Scottish kings and queens, but was divided between different groups of people. The Picu and Celts, who were the oldest inhabitants, the Scots, who
came from Northern Ireland, the Blitons, who were dsiven north by the Anglo-Saxon invaders of England, and the Angles, who originally came from what is now Germany. The Romans had left two centuries earlier.
England and Scotland were finally united when, in 1603, the son ofMary Queen of Scots became James I of England. This was because Mary's cousin Elizabeth I of England had left no heir when she died. Today Scotland is part of the United
Kingdom and is governed from London' There is a special minister in the Government, the Secretary of State for Scotland, who is responsible for education, local government and other important
matters in Scotland. Although the legal, education and banking systems are slightly different from those in England, life is very similar to the rest of the United Kingdom.
Allthe inhabitants speak English although about 100,000 still speak Scottish Gaelic. Many of the Scottish accents of English are very strong, and visitors from abroad (or even England) sometimes have difficulty in
them!
Folk music
learn the 'ss well-lao- tra&tion~lsongs and they still sing many of them today.
As well as singing, they play a variety of instruments. The guitar is of course one of themost important, but they also play the mandolin and the penny whistle.
Riseand Follow Charlie!is-thetitle of one of the most popular songs the McCalmans sing. It dates from the time of the Jacobite rebellions when Scotland fought her last battle against the English.
In 1707 a special treaty united the governments of Scotland and England. The Protestant Church replaced the Catholic Church as the ruling church in Scotland.
However, many of the people who lived in the Highlands and Western Isles did not welcome this change. They still supported the grandson of the Catholic James 11, who had been exiled in 1688. His name was
TlreMcCali~zarrr.
Prince Charles Edward Stewart and he was known as Bonnie Prince Charlie because he was young and handsome ('bonnie').
Charlie spent twenty years in Rome preparing to win back the Crown of Great Britain for his father and himself, and then returned to Scotland. The Highlanders were very proud that he still spoke Gaelic, and wore the traditional tartan kilt. In 1745, he landed in the Western Isles, then with 2,500 men, he marched south to Perth, Srirling and Edinburgh. There, on 17th September, his father was proclaimed king of Scorland and England. Four days later the Jacobites defeated the English army at Prestonpans.
On 1stNovember Charlie led his men as far south as Derby in England. However not as many Jacobite supporters joined them in England as they had hoped, and Charlie decided to remeat. The Jacobites returned
80 Unit eight
to Scotland on 21st December and defeated yet another English army at Falkirk on 17th January 1746. By April, however, the Duke of Cumberland had built up a huge army of 9,000 Protestant soldiers from England and Europe. On 16th April they met Charlie's army of5,000 tired and hungry men in the wind and the rain at Culloden. There was a terrible and bloody battle and the Jacobites were defeated.
Charlie wandered in exile in the Scottish Highlands and in Europe. There was a reward of £30,000 for his capture but the Highlanders, though poor, never betrayed the man they loved so much.
After the rebellion of 1745, the Highlanders were forbidden to carry weapons, to speak their own language, Gaelic, or wear their own dress. Much of their land was sold by the British government.
ANSWER
Look atthe map, and mark in Charlie's journey. Describe what happened at each dace, and the date when it took place.
SING
There are many songs like the McCalmans' Rise and Follow Charlie! that tell Charlie's sad story. The best known is Charlieis My Darling.
Charlie is My Darling
CHORUS
Oh! Cl~arlieis n y darling,
M y darlirrg, 1ny darling,
Oh! Clrarlie istty darling,
Theyoung Chevalier.
'Twas on aMo1tday ntontiltg, |
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Rigltt early in theyear, |
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Wlten Charlie cante to our town, |
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TI~eyoungCl~evalierOh!. |
CHORUS |
A s he cante ntarchi?rgup the street, |
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The pipesplayed loud a~tdclear, |
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And tltefolk cante ninnittgout, |
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T o ttreer the c/levalier. Oh! |
CHORUS |
Tlrey've lefi tlreir botorie Higl~landIrills, Their wives and bainries dear,
To draw tl~sworde for Scotland's lord, Tl~eyoungChevalier. Oh! CHORUS
Beating the 'Sassenachs'!
Relations between England and Scotland today are very good but sometimes there are problems at sporting events between the two counuies. At the end of every football season England plays Scotland, and every two years the game is played at the famous Wembley Stadium in north London. Some
Londoners, however, are sure that the Scots have never really forgotten that terrible defeat at Culloden. They believe that the uip to London is part of the Scottish revenge on the 'sassenachs'- the Scottishname for the English or 'AngloSaxons'!
Scotland versusEngland. |
N . Irelaizd versusEire. |
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Although England, Scotland, Wales and |
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Northern Ireland have their own national |
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football teams, in the Olympic Games |
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there is only one team that represents the |
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United Kingdom. The athletes from the |
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four countries work together as one team |
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to win for Britain. If they win a medal, all |
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four countries are equally proud. This |
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means, of course, that it is very r n c u l t for |
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Britain to send a football team to compete |
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in the Games! |
Ian Ruslr (Wales).
TALKING POINT
English football fans have a very bad reputation in Europe fortheir behaviour.
What in your opinion causes football hooliganism, and how would you prevent it?
82 Unit eight
The Highland games
The games which are now celebrated in the Highlands first started in Celtic times and were always held in front of the king. Competitions were held to find the strongest and fastest men to be body-guards and messengers. Essential to the modem games are the events such as putting the stone, throwing the hammer and tossing the caber.
Other events include running and jumping, as well as competitions for playing the bagpipes and dancing traditional Highland dances.
The games held in the northeast are best known for the athletic events, whilst the
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best Diving is traditionallv found in the |
Tossingthe caber. |
Highlands and Islands oifthe west coast. |
Tattoo spectacular
perform under floodlights. They are surrounded on three sides by an audience of 9,000. On the fourth side is the castle itself which provides an exciting setting for the evening's performance of military music, marching and other spectacular displays.
The name tattoo has an interesting origin. Traditionally soldiers were told to return to the living-quarters each night by a beat of the drum which sounded like 'tat-too'. After this rime the pubs would serve them no more whisky!
On the final night of the display the sky is filled with the bright colours of exploding fireworks.
The Edinburgh military tattoo takes place every August and September, and is known throughout the world. For 90 minutes on five or six nights a week, 600 people
WORDS
The athletic events at the Highland games are traditional, and not included in the modern Olympic games. What are the names of the different Highland events? Compare them with the athletic events at the Olympics.
Scotland 83
Welcome to the Festival
At the same time as the tattoo, you can go to the famous Edinburgh festival. Since i t started in 1947, the festival has had the aim
WHATSHALL WE DO?
Lookat this section from the firstweek's Programme. Discuss what you want to do with a friend and make plans using the conversationto helpyou.
of bringing to Scotland'scapital the finest performers and productions from al l over the world.
AWhat shall we do on Monday?
BHow about going to a concert7
AO.K. What'son?
BWell, there'sa piano concert on at he Queen's Hall.
AFine. I'llsee you outside just before it starts.
BO.K. at 10.45 then.
84 |
Unit eight |
A tragic queen
Prince's Street is Edinburgh's shopping centre and it runs parallel with the Royal Mile which goes from the Castle to Holyrood House. This is the residence of the Queen when she is in Edinburgh and it was also the scene of one of the most famous murders in Scottish history.
ASK
Find the questions forthese answers. 1 One end of the Royal Mile.
2The Queen.
3In France.
4Because she was a Catholic in an
increasingly Protestant nation.
5Rizzio.
69th March 1566.
WORDS
Describing people.
Match these adjectives with their definitions.Most of them come from the passage.
Maty Queen of Scots.
Mary Queen of Scots had been brought up in France, and returned to Scotland in 1561. She was a Catholic in a country that was becoming more and more Protestant. This meant that all her life she was involved in religious and political struggles.
Mary made many mistakes in her life. The fust real one was her marriage to Henry Lord Darnley in 1565. He was handsome and ambitious but at the same time vain, self-indulgent and weak. Their love did not last. Darnley became suspicious ofMary's Italian secretary, David Rizzio. On 9th March 1566, while Mary and her friends were having supper at Holyrood House, Darnley and his friends broke into the dining room, dragged Rizzio outside and stabbed him to death. The spot where this took place can still be seen today.
Mary continued to live an unhappy life and was exiled for many years in England. Her cousin Elizabeth I of England had always been suspicious of her and decided that her worries would stop only when Mary was dead. Therefore, in 1587, she &ally ordered that Mary should be executed.
Peoplewho.. .
wantto bevery successful don't like working
are over-interested in their appearance are only interested in themselves have a very strong will
find meeting people difficult
like attacking people ortheir ideas
give way to their own desires too easily don't trust others
always believe that only good things will happen
Do any of these words describe you or your friends?
Scotland 85
Scotland seen from abroad
Caroline from
FRANCE-
CAROLINE IGNARD. 20, of chasseneuil, in south-west France, works as an a u pair in Dundee, where s h e
is |
taking a course in English. |
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she hopes to go,to univcrrity eventwdIi~ |
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and study English ilterature. |
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Said caroline: -1 love Scotland and the |
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people I live with are very good to m,c. |
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-1 am an |
~hildMy. parents live in a b l s |
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hnllEe - in fact |
most people in our |
Own |
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their own houses. |
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not very fond of Dundec - I prefer |
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~ d i h u r ~ h . |
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-me scots are nice, though. AS Soon as |
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they find outyou're from France they become |
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,,.: |
- friendly and helphi. They seem to |
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"i; |
French people. |
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, , |
,.probably |
the biggest difference is in the |
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~t~~terrible herel" |
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/ a.
TALKINGPOINTS
Would you liketo live in Scotland?What work would you do?What subject would you like to study at university?Why?
a Pubs close a t 10.30p.m. or ll.OOp.m. in Scotland. Do you thinkthis is too early? Why?
TALKING POINT
The people of Ferness have to choose between theirtraditional way of life or a quickand easy profit1What advice would you give them?
Write down the advantages and disadvantages of the oil industry and decide on what would bethe bestthing for them to do.
86 Unit eight