Antibiotics
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Injury to the Plasma Membrane
•Polymyxin B (Gram negatives)
–Topical
–Combined with bacitracin and neomycin (broad spectrum) in over- the-counter preparation
Competitive Antagonistic
Antibiotics
• Isoniazid - Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
• Sulfonamides - Inhibit folic acid biosynthesis
Competitive Inhibitors
Figure 5.7
Antifungal Drugs
•Fungi are eukaryotes
•Have unique sterols in their cell walls
•Pathogenic fungi are often outside the body
Antiviral Drugs
•Viruses are composed of nucleic acid, protein capsid, and host membrane containing virus proteins
•Viruses live inside host cells and use many host enzymes
•Some viruses have unique enzymes for DNA/RNA synthesis or protein cutting in virus assembly
Figure 20.16a
Antiviral Drugs
Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogs
Figure 20.16a
Analogs Block DNA Synthesis
Figure 20.16b, c
Antiviral Drugs
Enzyme Inhibitors
•Inhibit assembly
–Indinavir (HIV)
•Inhibit attachment
–Zanamivir (Influenza)
•Inhibit uncoating
–Amantadine (Influenza)