makeeva3английсский тех перевод

Care of dry cell batteries

To prevent battery damage, electrolyte leakage, and short-circuiting, heed the following points.

•Do not peel off the covering on batteries and do not use if the covering has been peeled off.

•Align the poles © and © correctly when inserting the batteries.

•Do not mix different types or makes of batteries or old and new batteries.

•Remove the batteries if you do not intend to use the unit for n long time.

•Do not throw into fire, short-circuit, disassemble, or subject to excessive heat.

•Do not attempt to recharge cell batteries.

•Do not allow metal objects to touch the battery terminals as this may cause short-circulation which is dangerous.

•When carrying batteries in a pocket or bag, ensure no metal objects such as necklaces are placed together with them. Contact with metal may cause short-circuiting which can cause a fire.

Precautions for Listening with the Headphones Earphones

•Do not play your headphones or earphones at volume. Hearing experts advise against conl extended

play.

•If you experience a ringing in your ears, reduce volume or discontinue use.

•Do not use while operating a motorized vehicle. It may create a traffic hazard and is illegal in many ar-

eas.

•You should use extreme caution or temporarily discontinue use in potentially hazardous situations.

•Even if your headphones or earphones are the open-air type designed to let you hear outside sounds, don't turn up the volume so high that you can't hear what's around you.

•Discontinue use if you experience discomfort with the headphones or earphones or any other parts that contact your skin. Continued use may cause rashes or other allergic reactions.

VII. Translate the following specification into Russian.

CELLULAR PHONE

Minimum Size – Maximum Style

Even though the G51 is small enough to comfortably hang from your neck, a 4,096-color display makes it easy to see all the functions the phone has to offer.

40 Polyphonic Ring Tones

With 40 polyphonic ring tones, you can enjoy rich, melodic rings that simultaneously recreate real instrument sounds for a more natural flow.

SMS/EMS Chat

Allows you to easily send and receive instant text messages, and the chat history stays on screen allowing you to read it as you reply. The phone also supports WAP browsing.

GPRS

This advanced technology enables you to utilize airtime during the actual transfer of data, giving you the benefit of faster connection and data speeds.

WAP 1.2.1 Browser

A WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) browser provides access to the Internet, allowing you to browse select websites and game playing. Requires subscription to data service.

Built-in Handsfree

This feature allows you to use the phone without holding it in your hands, and the powerful speaker makes it convenient for more than one person to join in on the conversation.

Vibration alert

Tells you when someone's calling without ringing and disturbing those around you.

Scheduler

Reminds you of important dates and events.

Calculator and Currency Converter

Does math for you when needed.

L E S S O N 15

I. Translate the following text into Russian.

METALS AND ALLOYS

In the last thirty years or so, due to the fast development of industry, the need for new metallic materials has enormously increased. Metals practically unheard of before, such as germanium, plutonium, and than um have come to light, taking their place in the electronic and atomic industries. There have also been developed high-temperature alloys for power plants capable of withstanding oxidation and erosion, new ferro-magnetic materials, constructional steels, etc., intended for operating under severe stresses, or/and at extremely high or low temperatures.

Practically speaking, each metal possesses certain distinct combinations of properties that may be varied for specific engineering applications by alloying it with relatively small amounts of other metals.

Before starting to study the basic phenomena, which determine the performance of metallic materials, it is advisable to get an idea of what the terms "metal", "alloy" and "element" mean.

The term "alloy" is commonly used to describe a material containing more than one chemical element, the properties of the alloy being determined by the properties of the elements it consists of. The term "pure metal", on the other hand, is used for materials in which almost all chemical elements but one are eliminated.

The distinction between metals and alloys is immaterial for describing the effects of their chemical composition on forming, such as rolling, forging, pressing, etc. But even small amounts of chemical elements, or impurities, in pure metals used in electronics may affect their performance in the same way as the comparatively large quantities of alloying elements in pure metals used in other fields of engineering. The designation "metal" is sometimes applied in metallurgy to metallic materials without making distinction between pure metal and alloy, the first definition of the word "metal" having been formulated by M.V. Lomonosov in the following way: "A metal is a bright solid that can be forged." This definition is still true, metallic lustre and the ability for plastic deformation being, in fact, characteristic features of metals. The most important feature of metals, however, is their high electrical conductivity which decreases as the temperature is raised.

As to the term "element", it is frequently used not only for commercially pure metals but also for some alloys containing a considerable amount of other metals, the most common but rather misleading term of this nature being "iron", when used in English-speaking countries for designation of cast iron containing a large quantity of carbon.

Otherwise, an alloy possessing properties materially different from those of the pure metal which forms its basis, is designated as an alloy of this metal, such as a copper alloy, an aluminum alloy, etc., the basis of an alloy in this respect being the element which is present in a quantity over 50 per cent by weight. However, in exceptional cases, the basis of an alloy may comprise less than 50 %, as in the case of an iron alloy containing 40 % iron, 30 % cobalt, and 30 % chromium, with the addition of two, three or more other elements.

When added to a pure metal, a certain amount of second metal may cause the change of its grain structure in two distinctly different manners: either the structure of such a binary alloy has the same homogeneous structure as that of pure metal, the alloy possessing such a structure being called a solid solution, or the second element forms crystallites different from those of the pure metal, the structure thus formed being known as heterogeneous mixture of two phases. With one phase contain-less, and the other more, of the second element, the two phases are of different chemical composition.

A third element added to a binary alloy having a homogeneous structure may result again in either a homogeneous or a heterogeneous structure. If added to a binary alloy having a heterogeneous structure, the third element may either appear without any effect or add a third phase to the structure. The term "phase", when used in metallurgy, designates any homogeneous and physically distinct part of a system which is separated from other parts of the system by definite bounding surfaces.

II. Translate the summary of the text into English.

Текст называется «Металлы». В статье даются определения терминам «металл», «сплав», «элемент». Согласно автору, сплав – это материал, содержащий в своем составе более одного химического элемента. Свойства сплава определяются свойствами элементов, из которых он состоит. В состав сплава может входить два и более других элемента. Автор указывает, что содержание сплава может включать 40 % железа, 30 % кобальта и 30 % хрома. Вторая часть статьи посвящена металлам. Описывается электрическая проводимость как основная особенность металла. В заключение объясняется термин «стадия», используемый в металлургии.

III. Compare the original and the translation. Which techniques have been used in the translation ?

METALS

Metals are a group of elements that share certain properties. They conduct heat and electricity well, which is why cooking pans and electrical wires are made of metal. They are also strong and can be shaped easily; this is why they are used to make structures such as bridges. Although there are many similarities between metals, there are also differences that determine how suitable a metal is for a particular use. Of the 109 elements known today, 87 are metals. They are rarely used in their pure state – they are usually mixed with other metals or nonmetals to form combinations known as alloys.

Металлы – это группа элементов, которые наделены определенными свойствами.

Они хорошо проводят тепло и электричество, поэтому сковородки и электропровода делаются из металла. Кроме того, они прочные и легко могут принимать любую форму, поэтому они используются в строительстве таких сооружений, как мосты. Хотя разные металлы имеют много общего, они также имеют и различия, которые определяют, насколько тот или иной металл пригоден для определенных целей. Из 109 известных на сегодняшний день элементов, 87 – металлы. Они редко используются в чистом виде, обычно они смешаны с другими металлами или неметаллами, создавая комбинации, известные как сплавы.

IV. Rearrange the segments of the translation in the right order.

SEPARATION

Fast winding and rewinding

Press fast forward wind F.FWD «« or REWIND button. To stop, press STOP

Safeguarding a cassette against erasure

Keep the cassette side to be safeguarded m front of you and break out the left tab. Now, recording on this side is no longer possible.

CASSETTE PLAYBACK

•Set the TAPE/RADIO selector to TAPE.

•Press EJECT and insert a cassette.

•For playback, any cassette type can be inserted.

•To start playback, press PLAY.

•Adjust the sound with the controls VOLUME and TONE.

•You may connect stereo headphones with 35 mm plug to socket. The loudspeaker is then muted.

•To stop, press STOP. The set is then switched off. On pressing again, the cassette holder will open (EJECT).

When the end of the tape is reached, the recorder buttons are released.

RECORDING

•Press EJECT to open the cassette holder.

•Insert the cassette

•For recording you must use a NORMAL cassette on which the tabs are not removed.

•At the very beginning of the tape, no recording will take place during the first 7 seconds when the leader tape passes the recorder heads.

•When monitoring during recording, adjust the sound with the controls VOLUME and TONE. These controls do not affect the recording.

Recording from the radio

•Set the TAPE/RADIO selector to RADIO.

Microphone recording

•Set the TAPE/RADIO selector to TAPE.

•Set the VOLUME control to zero (during microphone recordings, monitoring is not possible).

Starting and stopping the recording

•To start recording, press RECORD; in doing so, PLAY is pressed too.

•For brief interruptions, press PAUSE. Press again to restart recording.

•To stop, press STOP. On pressing again, the cassette holder will open (EJECT).

•When the end of the tape is reached, the recorder buttons are released.

•The set is switched off if TAPE/RADIO selector is in position TAPE and the recorder buttons are re-

leased.

Radio/General

RADIO RECEPTION

•Set the TAPE/RADIO selector to RADIO.

•Adjust the sound with the controls VOLUME and TONE.

•You may connect stereo headphones with 35 mm plug to socket. The loudspeakers are then muted.

•Select the wave band using BAND selector.

•Tune to a radio station using TUNING knob (SW and LW not on all versions).

−For AM/MW and LW (Medium and Long Wave), the set is provided with a built-in aerial, so there is no need to use the telescopic aerial. The aerial can be directed by turning the whole set.

−For Short Wave (SW), the telescopic aerial must be pulled out and placed in the vertical position. To improve SW-reception, vary the length of the aerial.

• The set is switched off if the TAPE/RADIO selector is in position TAPE and the recorder buttons are

released.

MAINTENANCE

Clean the parts indicated after every 50 hours of operation or, on average, once a month.

•Open the cassette holder by pressing EJECT.

•Use a cotton bud slightly moistened with alcohol or a special head cleaning fluid.

•Press PLAY and clean the rubber pressure roller.

•Then press PAUSE and clean the capstan, recording/playback head and erase head.

•After cleaning, press STOP.

Cleaning of the heads can also be done by playing a cleaning cassette through once Do not expose the set. batteries and cassettes to ram, moisture, sand, or to excessive heat e.g. from heating equipment or in motor cars parked in the sun. If a fault occurs, first check the points listed below before taking the set for repair If you are unable to remedy a problem by following these hints, consult your dealer or service center.

Warning: Under no circumstances should you try to repair the set yourself, as this would invalidate the guarantee.

I. Translate the following text into Russian.

TOOLS AND MATERIALS

All the planning and preparation in the world isn't going to get you anywhere unless you have the, right tools and materials to turn to. Here's a handy checklist that should see you through any of the projects I'm suggesting here.

Tools. There are a fair few different tools mentioned in the course of this book. Some of them you're almost sure to have already, while some of them you may need to buy or hire in. The golden rule when buying any new tool is always go for the best one you can sensibly afford. There will always be cheaper alternatives available and there will always be very good reasons why those alternatives are cheaper in the first place. Unfortunately these are reasons that don't usually become apparent until you've got the tool home and started to use it.

I won't bore you here with a list of every tool you might ever need, but I will mention a few items that are worth investing in if you don't already have them.

A cordless drill/driver. Without doubt the single most pleasurable and important thing you will ever have with you in the garden, unless you've got children. Even then, it's often a close-run thing. After all, how many kids do you know that can drill holes through wood, masonry and metal then pop in another fitting and drive home all manner of fixings from screws to bolts? All without any moaning and all without any need to be wired to the mains by way of encouragement. A well-made, powerful drill/driver will help you fly through most of the projects in this book and ensure that whatever you want to drill or fix is dispatched quickly and efficiently.

There are many types of product on the market, but ideally the one you want has at least a 12v motor, though 14v is better and 18v is fantastic. Basically, the more powerful the motor the harder the material you can drill though. If you're planning to drill into masonry

On a regular basis then get a drill/driver that has that has something called 'hammer action'. This doesn't mean you can spin the thing around and use the handle to knock in nails – it's a little switch that will vibrate the drill as it spins and punch into the hardest of concrete and stone Also, if you're going to use the thing as your main screwdriver (and even if you don't think you are, believe me you will) then consider a drill/driver that has a torque control. This nifty little collar around the chuck allows you to set the screwdriver bit so that it will spin freely as soon as the screw has been driven firmly home – but just before you rip out all the slots on the head so that you can never get the screw out again! Finally, twin speed is nice, slow for screwdriving and fast for drilling, but not really essential. Cordless is definitely nice, but if it's a choice between a very low-powered cordless or a mains-driven unit then I'd be tempted to go for the more powerful corded one and invest in an extension lead for good measure.

Drill bits. There are different drill bits for different materials, and using the wrong one will quickly ruin whichever one is fitted into the drill at the time. Some manufacturers now make drill bits that will tackle wood and metal, but masonry always requires a drill bit all of its own. Get yourself a small set of whichever type you need, so that you always have the right size (diameter) of drill bit to hand.

An expanding rule 'Measure twice, cut once' they say, but no one ever mentions that you need to measure with something accurate and robust. A good metal rule, ideally about 5 metres (16ft) long, will never shrink or stretch and always give you reliable measurements. It's best to get one with some kind of lock on the casing so that you don't lose any fingers when the rule snaps back in unexpectedly.

A spirit level Make sure that the spirit level you buy has got at least two bubble tubes – one to tell you when it's horizontal and another to tell you when it's vertical (or 'plumb' as we call it) You can buy spirit levels over a metre in length, but I'd recommend buying a shorter one If it's not long enough for the job in hand you can always place it on to a long straight wooden batten, but make sure the batten really is straight, otherwise all the leveling in the world isn't going to save you .

A crosscut handsaw Yes, I know there are things called jigsaws and circular saws on sale nowadays, but they aren't always what you need. A decent 'crosscut' handsaw (one that's designed to cut across the grain of the wood, for shortening planks and the like) will always come in useful whenever there's timber to be cut. Look for one that has the handle fitted at exactly 90 degrees to the blade, so that you can use it to mark right-angle

1)Infrared Focusing: The shooting distance is calculated and adjusted based on the time it takes for an infrared signal emitted from the front of the camera to be bounced off the subject and received back by a sensor on the camera.

2)Camera-Internal Electronic Focusing: The focus is adjusted based exclusively on the image received by the camera and the resulting picture signal.

This Movie Camera employs the Internal Electronic Focusing Method.

For the following subjects and shooting s Manual Focus Mode should be used:

•Subjects with Shiny Surfaces or Much Light Reflection

As the Movie Camera adjusts the focus on the objects with shiny surfaces or much light reflection, the subject may go out of focus.

The subject may be out of focus when it is short at the seaside in the evening, under firework when special kinds of lights are used.

•Fast-moving Subjects

As the lens is moved mechanically, it cannot follow fast-moving subjects without delay. Subjects like quickly and abruptly moving children may temporarily go out of focus.

•Subjects with Weak Contrast

As the Movie Camera adjusts the focus based on vertical contours in the picture, subjects with little contrast may be out of focus. When shooting a flat white wall, for example, the Movie Camera has no information by which it can adjust the focus correctly.

•Subjects with a Part of It Near the Movie Camera and Another Part Far from it

As the focus is adjusted on the centre part of the image, it is difficult to bring the distant part of the subject in focus.

When you want to shoot a person with a distant mountain behind, it is not possible to focus on both.

•Subjects Behind Moving Objects

As the focus is adjusted on the person or object that passes between the Movie Camera and the subject may temporarily go out of focus.

When shooting a subject across a street on which cars are running, the subject may go in and out of focus.

•Subjects with Dark Surfaces

If the amount of light entering through the lens is greatly reduced, the Movie Camera has very little information by which to adjust the focus.

When shooting persons in dark surroundings, precise focusing may not be possible.

Precise focusing may also not be possible for subjects that have no vertical contours or are behind glass covered with dirt, dust or water drops.

VII. Translate the following specification into Russian.

3CCD CAMERA SYSTEM

Reproduces color in great fidelity, with a separate CCD for reds, greens and blues. It's the same technology used in Panasonic professional broadcast equipment, resulting in 540 lines of breathtaking resolution.

3.0 Megapixel Still Picture Technology