Uchebnik_2_kurs

EEC governments, and there are fears that this could spill over to embitter discussion of a series of other problems at the two-day meeting starting on Monday.

7.The foreign banks are launching a counterattack into markets for domestic loans and services that until now have been dominated by the Japanese banks. They are also exploring some new fields that the Japanese banks could not, or would not, touch.

8.The report noted that companies could claim back the entire cost of investments in plant and machinery in tax relief – one of the most favourable tax benefits of any industrialized nation.

9.People say that the former president could have been a better president if he had been able to be elevated one degree above the political combat he faced.

10.If Japan’s population had been half its present level, or – more reasonably – one-third, the country could have enjoyed a relatively high level of industrialisation while continuing to produce enough foodstuffs to prevent disaster in the event of cut-offs in international trade.

Упражнение 2

1. Of course I’m too young to be a really good writer yet, but I try hard, and one day I may achieve something. 2. I asked him if I might come over to remove something that I had left in a book I had loaned him. 3. «I’m so glad you didn’t wait, Agnes», Mr. Logan said in a tone which clearly meant «I think you might have waited». 4. Harry might often be sitting on the porch with a pipe in his mouth. 5. Archer looked touchingly white and weak. He had been through a hard time. He might have died. 6. «Oh, Philip», she exclaimed, «your boots are muddy! You might have gone by the side door». 7. «What shall you do to amuse yourself?» she asked. «Well», I said playing for time, «I might do several things». 8. There was so much they had shared together and so much more they might have shared that they had not. 9. «Did she say where she was going?» «No». «Humph! She might have left a message». 10. He may not have heard from his family yet. 11. I might as well give you a lift. 12. If your mother has made up her mind, my dear, you may just as well give in without any fuss. 13. From afar the house might have been taken for a small inn. 14. Charles came out of the examination room. «How did you get on?» I asked. «It might have been worse, I suppose», he said. 15. He might have broken the window. 16. I may not have mentioned it in my letters, but I did quite a lot of work up there. 17. It occurred to me that he was secretly proud of his son, though he may not have known it. 18. She wasn’t a Swede, but she might have been taken for one. 19. I might have missed the last bus. 20. They may have thought that we won’t come in this rain.

1.It is possible that in accordance with this plan, investments may have to

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be made which do not lead rapidly to a rise in the standard of living.

2.Situations in which America may have to choose between rival policies advocated by her European partners are bound to arise.

3.Washington – The relationship between Japan and the United States has been evolving rapidly since Pearl Harbor. First, the two countries were bitter enemies, then occupier and occupied, then big brother and eager emulator and now it may have reached the point of role reversal.

4.The Prime Minister mentioned that a more radical stand on some issues might have enabled the party to have avoided defeat.

5.There were signs that this tour might have marked a turning point.

6.Such problems, as a rule, may begin well before the trial and continue after the appeal.

7.As a result, the government might try to close the gap by increasing taxes. But in its turn that would also cut purchasing power.

8.He might have fallen into the trap but he understood the danger in time.

9.He said he expected that a committee would be set up concerned with energy issues. Although this Committee would not be empowered to discuss the question of oil prices which remains the prerogative of OPEC, it seems that security of supplies, as well as energy sharing, and the search for alternative energy sources, might be valid subjects for discussion.

10.In the opinion of some political connoisseurs, that measure may well improve the prospects of the Conservative party with the nation as a whole.

Упражнение 3

1. His mind turned to the incident. It was the kind of thing which must not occur again. 2. Dear Paula, there is no point in delaying the happy news. I know how much you must have been waiting and expecting. 3. «When is your mother to return?» «Next month». «You must miss her terribly». 4. «My God, I never thought they’d let me in there again», he said. «They must have regretted doing so in view of your behaviour». 5. You must change your shoes. I won’t have you in here with muddy feet. 6. The way she spoke made me think that she must be very much in love. 7. He asked where I had picked up such a word. I realized that it must have been a wrong word, but I had read it in some book and liked its sound. 8. He must never have been poor. 9. He must have misunderstood you. 10. He must have failed to get the book. 10. Close the door. The children mustn’t hear what you are saying. 11. I must be off. 12. She lit the fire and said: «Do sit down, you must be frozen». 13. John, turning from the door, noticed that he was standing upon a letter which lay on the mat. It must have been delivered sometime after his return. 14.

«We are having tea early», said Kate. «You must be starving». 15. I did not 32

see Jim but I knew that he must be waiting somewhere. 16. She looks so pale. She must have been ill. 17. I must do something for him, Jack thought. 18. Martin was on the other side of the fireplace. I thought that he could not have heard their words. 19. They must have missed him at the station. 20. You must get him here with all his stuff.

1.After a review of the state of national economies in the EEC, the ministers agreed that the fight against inflation must remain the first priority of member states.

2.At the present level of population, in order to fuel its industrialisation, Japan has become doubly dependent: she must import both vital raw materials for industrial production, and the food she eats.

3.The strain must have been particularly telling on a man like Mr. D., one of the most conscientious of the Government’s back-bench MPs. He was involved in a car accident last session, but continued to attend to Commons duties on crutches.

4.It must have been hard for them to agree to this resolution, but at that time there was no alternative course open to them.

5.The visit will have been a pleasant and useful excursion for the State Secretary.

6.Regardless of what is to blame the reality is that the West German economy is weakened, with its competitiveness diminished, and the currency has declined.

7.The unions are to meet on May 8 to formulate their reply to the company on the following day.

8.Share prices soared on the London Stock Exchange yesterday in the hope that Bank rate is to be cut from the present 61/2 per cent to 6 per cent.

9.The External Affairs Minister who was to have addressed the General Assembly on the Canadian position yesterday, suddenly postponed his statement.

10.The notion that friends are to be won by arms reflects a shameful poverty of ideas in international relations.

Упражнение 4

1. I had to have someone to show me the way from the station. 2. «Guess what!» «I can’t guess. You’ll have to tell me». 3. Now I’ve had to listen to a lot of lying. And I never watch faces. I look at hands and listen very carefully to the tone and tempo of speech. 4. But I’ve been having to give a lot of thought recently to my feelings towards you. 5. I didn’t have to turn around to know they were coming down the street. 6. I was having to feel my way. 7. They had to light a fire to cook their supper. 8. She knew there would be no more vacations for her sons. But she didn’t have to say it. They knew that as

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well as she. 9. That day, however, I had a pupil waiting for an English lesson and I had to cut my visitor short. 10. What had he better do with this letter? 11. «I’ve told my husband he must not smoke in the drawing-room». «And I haven’t to tell my husband such things; he’s a born gentleman». 12. What a pity you have to go. I know it’s time for you to catch your train. 13. You must do you chores now, and she will have to do hers when she comes in. 14. My mother says that I mustn’t be out after eleven o’clock, but I don’t have to hurry home because she herself is out playing bridge. 15. I don’t have to be there till three. 16. One of the guests sat down beside me. I didn’t have to be told who it was. 17. «Your hair is short and curly». «I had scarlet fever and it had to be cut short». 18. «I never told you I was at a public school, did I?» said Alec. «You didn’t have to». 19. He had to move closer to hear her. 20. We had to bend the flower to get it into the box.

1.Another poor sign: once a rice exporting country, last year Madagascar had to import 170,000 tons.

2.After a generation of welfare that was often restricted to Kuwaitis, the non-Kuwaitis are more keenly competitive in school, university and work than Kuwaitis, it is argued, largely because they have to be to make a decent living.

3.To meet the export requirements the domestic consumption has had to be curtailed.

4.He is not half as worried as the old age pensioners, the housewives and the workers who are having to pay the increased prices.

5.Unless the Bill passes through all its stages in the Commons and the Lords before the session ends it will have to be started all over again in the new session in November.

6.United Nations economists warn that something drastic has to be done, or developing countries will be forced to reduce their rate of social and economic expansion.

7.Diplomats said Canada and other nations eager to have the deadlock broken had been outmanoeuvred by the United States.

8.Brazil had taken the lead in the movement to denuclearize Latin America and had the question put on the agenda of the General Assembly.

9.Any other activities of the world organisation will be financed by the whole membership only by their unanimous and active support. And even in those rare cases it will be by having the Secretary General solicit voluntary contributions.

10.In 1979, the Spanish had the United States withdraw its nuclear weapons from the Rota Submarine base.

Упражнение 5

1. We were to act as guides to the party. 2. Now will you please show me the 34

room where I am to work. 3. There was a special order that no one was to come to the station to see the battalion off. 4. It was the first and the last ceremony I was to see. 5. He was to have had a music lesson in the morning but the teacher called up to cancel it. 6. He looked about him for his daughter but she was not to be seen. 7. At nightfall the ship put in at a small port where they were to load three hundred bags of coffee. 8. He set off for the school where he was to write examinations for entry to the University. 9. Eden went to the wood where he was to meet his brother for a ride. 10. They went to inspect Finch’s new house. Finch said that only the last touches had to be added there and he was to move into it quite soon. 11. Bart was to see his brother-in-law for lunch the next day, but he saw no reason to tell his wife that. 12. I was somewhat surprised to find so many people in the hall in which I was to speak. 13. Rudy was invited for dinner at Mary’s house. After dinner they were to go to a movie. 14. It was announced on the radio that the President was to speak that night. 15. This was the first time I made a journey that I was to make hundreds of times afterwards. 16. What is to become of me? 17. At this boarding school the children are to go to bed at eight o’clock. 18. He is to stay the night with us and tomorrow he sets off on his tour to Europe. 19. My bike was under repair and I was to collect it that afternoon. 20. My bike is under repair and I was to have collected it yesterday.

1.The draft treaty was to have been tabled at the Geneva conference soon after its resumption today.

2.The argument over distribution of power within the Labour Party must be settled if the party is to win the next general election.

3.But this success must be made the starting point of a new effort if the impetus is to be maintained and still bigger successes won.

4.Changes seem inevitable, but no one can say what. But changes there must be if confidence in the board is to be restored and it is to function properly.

5.The bitterness of the conflict required that he should be removed from the scene if the Democrats were to have a chance at the election.

6.But now that the campaign is over, there is a clear imperative before us all: to stand together against the common danger if our nation and the world are to avoid even greater catastrophe.

7.Now, after three months of closer scrutiny, at the point at which the bills were to have been presented to Parliament, they have suddenly been withdrawn for redrafting.

8.The main objective of the conference is to try to bridge the everwidening gap between the developing countries and the industrial states.

9.But the official went on to emphasise that the new administration’s aim is to reduce and manage disagreements through the consultation process

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that has now begun.

10.Their initial goal is to end three years of budget deficits and inflation by the end of this year.

Упражнение 6

1. Oh, that it should come to this. 2. «His illness causes me a lot of worry». «So I should think». 3. I think I ought to let your parents know we are here. 4. Oughtn’t you to be more careful? 5. «How can you know what his feelings are?» «I ought to know, for he’s always telling me about them». 6. It was surprising that they should have met at all. 7. He remembered that he should not smoke unless invited to do so. 8. Shall I get you some fresh coffee, Ed? 9. The responsibility is entirely mine. I acted very wrongly indeed. I ought not to have let this relationship start. 10. «When is he going back?» «How should I know?» 11. You shall have no cause to complain of me, dear. There shall be no difficulty about money. 12. George did not see why he should not discuss the matter with his chief. 13. When he says «do it», I say «it shall be done». 14. Now I’ve upset her. I shouldn’t have said that. 15. «Have I said something I shouldn’t have?» he asked his mother. 16. I’ve been more frank with you than I should have been. 17. Well, I thought it was too absurd that we should live next door and not speak. 18. There was no reason why they should not be there. 19. I don’t know why he should want to see George. 20. He was pleased that Kate should have called the child after him.

1.Most other countries get better service from their elder and not-so-old but former statesmen. There really should be a way of avoiding this brain disposal process.

2.Any new administration has a right to new people in policy-making jobs, and there is no established code of manners for firing a political appointee. But there should always be time for the simple decencies – due notice and acknowledgement of loyal service – and respect for professional experience that can be employed in other jobs.

3.If the Japanese in a resourceless land area no bigger than California can achieve such a high level of productivity and growth, emulating Japanese methods should enable others to achieve similar results, at least in some areas. So the argument goes.

4.He said that this was not a temporary problem. Lasting arrangements should be made.

5.Speaking at one of his rare press conferences, he declared that Washington should observe the principle by which people must settle their own affairs themselves.

6.Peking – Irrational great leaps forward in economic development should become relics of the past as China strives «to disencumber itself from the age-old malady of trying to get quick results», Peking’s chief eco-

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nomic planner said in a major policy speech.

7.It was not without significance, he said, that people who were connected at that level with the situation should be expressing grave disquiet.

8.The Premier admitted yesterday that it was natural that people should be disturbed at food being thrown away when millions of people were undernourished.

9.That such a question should be put to a British Minister shows that those aspirations are by no means dead.

10.The leader of the Australian Labour Party denounced it as ‘appalling’ that such a speech should have been made even before the Security

Council met.

Упражнение 7

1. You should have read your composition once again. There must be some mistakes there. 2. Can it be only six o’clock? 3. You should not have spoken to him like that. He might have felt hurt. 4. He must have a sense of humour. Otherwise he couldn’t have said it like that. 5. It must be raining heavily. The street is deserted. 6. You should have sent them a telegram. They might have arrived by now. 7. I didn’t go out that evening as George was to come and see me after his work. 8. He knew that he was to attend two meetings next week. 9. She must know nothing about your affairs. 10. She can’t know anything about his affairs. 11. Will you have to call them up again? 12. You don’t have to go shopping today as we are dining out. 13. «What are they talking about?» «They may be arguing about the script.’ 14. Their house was to be brought down and he had to move to a new residential area. 15. I’m sorry but I must be off. I am to meet Betty at the cinema. Oh, it’s a quarter to seven. She must be waiting for me. I’ll have to take a bus. 16. Why should I walk all the way there. 17. «It’s late. Where can Dick be?» «I couldn’t care less». 18. He might have been taken for an old man. 19. You might tell us what is happening. 20. They may have made their choice.

1.If the British government do wish to make further public expenditure cuts it would be up against the same difficulties, only worse, than when it was trying to make these public expenditure cuts last November.

2.The Young Communist League in Canada drew to the attention of delegates the fact that young people are last hired and first fired, in event of layoffs. Moreover many young workers are not even able to secure a first job. If they do get a job it often terminates before they can build up enough credit for unemployment insurance.

3.Answering Tory jeers, he said the way workers previously full of skill and pride in success, had been laid off without consultation did indeed represent a kind of serfdom.

4.The trip did demonstrate that the secretary of state, whatever his politi-

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cal standing in Washington, seems to be highly respected by foreign leaders.

5.The defenders of the present United Nations system point out that the agencies do in fact work together successfully on a number of projects.

6.What does represent a growing danger for the effectiveness of this organization is the reluctance of some of its members to render assistance in case of financial difficulties.

7.Nowhere in America or Europe not even among the great liberated thinkers of the Enlightenment did democratic ideas appear respectable to the cultivated classes.

8.Not only does Alfa defend its decision to team up with a non-European partner, but last week the company disclosed that from the beginning it had relied on outside help to develop its strategy.

9.Perhaps they may even engender a little shame among Cabinet Ministers at the hold-up in road building. If they do, the conference will be voted a great success.

10.Mafia crime syndicates are gaining control of many legitimate businesses and now pose a greater threat to the United States than did the gangsters of the Al Capone era in the 1930s, an American sociologist warns today.

Упражнение 8

1. Shall I go and find out if he has done the work? He was to finish it yesterday. 2. You needn’t have come. The meeting is cancelled. 3. He was to have finished it all yesterday, but he was called away to London unexpectedly. 4. You ought to have told us about it, now we don’t know what we are to do. 5. What she did is so silly that we needn’t discuss it. 6. It was so near that even Alan who hated walking, agreed that they needn’t take his car. 7. Need we change for dinner? 8. «I told your uncle I would speak to you». «You needn’t have troubled. I’ve promised my parents to stay here a little longer». 9. He put the envelope down on the table. «The money is all there», he said. «You needn’t bother to count it». 10. You shouldn’t have given way to her whims. 11. You oughtn’t to have married so early. 12. You needn’t have come to London. He is not here. 13. Old Lady Bland argued with him, but he would not listen to reason. 14. Each time we went out together he would show me something new, something interesting. 15. I will say it again and again. 16. The toilet in this room won’t stop running. 17. He would smoke a pipe before going to bed. 18. «He talked of his new car the whole evening». «He would». 19. He felt he dare not reply. 20. I dare say you’re a little tired after your walk, dear. 21. She did not dare to leave the house in case he telephoned. 22. «He was to have come by the five o’clock train. Could he have missed it?» «How should I know?»

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1.Toronto – According to scientists, Saturn’s moon Titan may serve as a deep freeze for remnants of early stages of life development, and Mars appears to have had intermittent breaks in its prolonged ice age.

2.Having refused to recognize this in time, Washington was forced to retreat, under the pressure of rather embarrassing circumstances, from the juridically sound but politically unrealistic position it had enjoined on the United States delegation to the UN.

3.The Prime Minister’s famous victory last week against the rebels within his own party was surely cheaply won. His own performance may have been – indeed, must have been – more effective to listen to than to read later, for despite the fact that it was a speech for all seasons, it left unanswered or inadequately answered, so many questions about Britain’s future role in the world and how it is to be fulfilled, that the great debate is very far from conclusion. For all his political skill, the Prime Minister has only written another chapter, he has not closed the book.

4.Some excuse for the behaviour of Tory chieftains might be provided if it could be shown that the leadership battle revolved round central issues of public importance. But throughout the dispute it has been concerned with personalities and patronage-gang warfare in all its sterility.

5.Many past air crashes, as subsequent investigation has shown, could have been avoided. There are many points which need an answer. Perhaps the answers to these questions will be satisfactory. In this case every possible step may have been taken that could have been taken, and it may be shown that only a human error that could not have been foreseen caused the crash.

6.Mr. D said two million pints of milk meant a great deal to many starving people. If this was going on year after year, was it right that this milk should be poured down the mines?

Упражнение 9

1. Не может быть, чтобы он сам написал эту контрольную. 2. Неужели она сказала правду? 3. Я смог переплыть реку, хотя это было нелегко. 4. Мы не могли их заметить: они были слишком далеко. 5. Мы не могли их не заметить: они были рядом с нами. 6. Неужели ты действительно так думаешь? 7. Он не мог так поступить со мной! 8. Можно мне закурить? – Лучше не надо. 9. Где Джон? – Может быть, он пошел гулять с собакой. 10. Возьми плащ. Может пойти дождь. 11. Может быть, мне придется встать завтра рано. 12. Вам обязательно надо посмотреть этот фильм! Он такой интересный. 13. Ты, должно быть, не понимаешь, о чем говоришь. 14. На улице сыро. Должно быть, только что шел дождь. 15. Вы, вероятно, не знали, что они переехали в один

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из пригородов Лондона. 16. Ты никогда меня больше не увидишь! 17. Ты чуть не проболтался! 18. Я не могу не думать так. 19. Ты сделаешь так, как я скажу. 20. Зря ты ходил в библиотеку. Эта книга есть у меня дома. 21. Интересно, что он может делать здесь так поздно? – Он, должно быть, ждет Кэт. 22. Осторожно! Ты же чуть не упал! 23. Я не потерплю, чтобы подобные сцены повторялись! 24. Напрасно мы пришли так рано: должно быть, они проспали. 25. Где ты был все это время? Мог бы оставить записку! 26. Что могло так сильно его изменить? 27. Я чуть не опоздал на последний автобус. 28. С какой стати им молчать? Должно быть, они не поняли твоих слов. 29. Зря мы встали так рано. Он должен был приехать в 5 утра, но уже 7, а его все нет. 30. В этот час Филиппа никогда не было видно.

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