Zadachi_po_khimii
.pdf72
Вещество |
Состояние |
∆ |
0 |
298, кДж/моль |
0 |
|
|
|
|
H |
S |
298, Дж/моль К |
|
C2H2 |
г |
|
|
226,17 |
|
200,97 |
C2H4 |
г |
|
|
52,50 |
|
219,43 |
C2H6 |
г |
|
|
–84,78 |
|
229,65 |
C6H6 |
г |
|
|
82,98 |
|
269,38 |
C6H6 |
ж |
|
|
49,07 |
|
173,38 |
CH3OH |
ж |
|
|
–239,61 |
|
126,69 |
C2H5OH |
г |
|
|
–235,31 |
|
137,13 |
C2H5OH |
ж |
|
|
–277,12 |
|
161,11 |
CO |
г |
|
|
–110,60 |
|
197,68 |
CO2 |
г |
|
|
–393,78 |
|
231,82 |
CaCO3 |
к |
|
|
–1207,72 |
|
92,90 |
CaO |
к |
|
|
–635,60 |
|
39,77 |
Ca(OH)2 |
к |
|
|
–986,75 |
|
83,44 |
Cl2 |
г |
|
|
0 |
|
223,20 |
Cr |
к |
|
|
0 |
|
23,34 |
Cr2O3 |
к |
|
|
–1141,30 |
|
81,20 |
Fe |
к |
|
|
0 |
|
27,15 |
FeO |
к |
|
|
–266,21 |
|
57,00 |
Fe2O3 |
к |
|
|
–822,70 |
|
87,50 |
Fe3O4 |
к |
|
|
–1117,90 |
|
146,29 |
H2 |
г |
|
|
0 |
|
130,59 |
HCl |
г |
|
|
–92,31 |
|
186,68 |
HI |
г |
|
|
25,94 |
|
206,30 |
H2O |
г |
|
|
–241,98 |
|
188,5 |
H2O |
ж |
|
|
–285,84 |
|
70,00 |
H2S |
г |
|
|
–20,90 |
|
193,26 |
I2 |
г |
|
|
31,11 |
|
260,28 |
I2 |
к |
|
|
0 |
|
73,91 |
MgCO3 |
к |
|
|
–1112,43 |
|
65,90 |
MgO |
к |
|
|
–602,10 |
|
26,96 |
MgSO4 |
к |
|
|
–1262,63 |
|
91,456 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
73 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Вещество |
Состояние |
∆ |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H 298, кДж/моль |
S 298, Дж/моль К |
|
||
N2 |
г |
|
|
0 |
|
192,1 |
|
|
NH3 |
г |
|
|
–45,80 |
|
192,79 |
|
|
NH4Cl |
к |
|
|
–315,39 |
|
94,50 |
|
|
NO |
г |
|
|
90,31 |
|
210,72 |
|
|
NO2 |
г |
|
|
33,50 |
|
240,32 |
|
|
N2O4 |
г |
|
|
9,60 |
|
304,00 |
|
|
Na2O |
к |
|
|
–418,26 |
|
75,09 |
|
|
NaOH |
к |
|
|
–426,64 |
|
64,48 |
|
|
O2 |
г |
|
|
0 |
|
205,03 |
|
|
PCl3 |
г |
|
|
–279,70 |
|
311,92 |
|
|
PCl5 |
г |
|
|
–367,20 |
|
364,70 |
|
|
S |
к |
|
|
0 |
|
31,88 |
|
|
SO2 |
г |
|
|
–297,10 |
|
248,24 |
|
|
SO3 |
г |
|
|
–396,11 |
|
256,86 |
|
|
Si |
к |
|
|
0 |
|
18,72 |
|
|
SiO2 |
к |
|
|
–911,55 |
|
41,87 |
|
|
Sn |
к |
|
|
0 |
|
51,40 |
|
|
SnO |
к |
|
|
–286,17 |
|
56,50 |
|
|
SnO2 |
к |
|
|
–581,17 |
|
52,30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Таблица 7 |
||
Стандартные окислительно-восстановительные потенциалы |
||||||||
|
|
(редокс-потенциалы) |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||||
окисленная форма |
+n ē = |
восстановленная форма |
|
E0298, В |
|
|||
|
Ag+ |
+1ē = |
Ag |
|
|
0,80 |
|
|
|
Al3+ |
+3ē = |
Al |
|
|
–1,66 |
|
|
|
Au3+ |
+3ē = |
Au |
|
|
1,50 |
|
|
|
Br2 |
+2ē = |
2Br– |
|
|
1,06 |
|
|
74
окисленная форма |
+n ē = |
восстановленная форма |
E0298, В |
Ca2+ |
+2ē = |
Ca |
–2,87 |
Cd2+ |
+2ē = |
Cd |
–0,40 |
Cl2 |
+2ē = |
2Cl– |
1,36 |
Co3+ |
+1ē = |
Co2+ |
1,80 |
Co2+ |
+2ē = |
Co |
–0,28 |
Cr3+ |
+3ē = |
Cr |
–0,74 |
Cr2O72—+14H+ |
+6ē = |
2Cr3++7H2O |
1,33 |
Cu2+ |
+1ē = |
Cu+ |
0,15 |
Cu2+ |
+2ē = |
Cu |
0,34 |
Fe2+ |
+2ē = |
Fe |
–0,44 |
2H+ |
+2ē = |
H2 |
0 |
2H2O |
+2ē = |
H2+2OH– |
–1,41* |
J2 |
+2ē = |
2J– |
0,54 |
K+ |
+1ē = |
K |
–2,93 |
Mg2+ |
+2ē = |
Mg |
–2,36 |
Mn2+ |
+2ē = |
Mn |
–1,18 |
MnO4– |
+1ē = |
MnO42– |
0,56 |
MnO4–+2H2O |
+3ē = |
MnO2+4OH– |
0,60 |
MnO4–+8H+ |
+5ē = |
Mn2+4H2O |
1,51 |
NO3–+2H+ |
+1ē = |
NO2+H2O |
0,78 |
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
окисленная форма |
+n ē = |
восстановленная форма |
E0298, В |
|
NO3–+4H+ |
+3ē = |
NO+2H2O |
0,96 |
|
2NO3–+10H+ |
+8ē = |
N2O+5H2O |
1,12 |
|
2NO3–+12H+ |
+10ē = |
N2+6H2O |
1,21 |
|
NO3–+10H+ |
+8ē = |
NH4++3H2O |
0,87 |
|
Na+ |
+1ē = |
Na |
–2,71 |
|
Ni2+ |
+2ē = |
Ni |
–0,25 |
|
O2+2H2O |
+4ē = |
4OH– |
0,82** |
|
O2+4H+ |
+4ē = |
2H2O |
1,68* |
|
Pb2+ |
+2ē = |
Pb |
–0,13 |
|
S |
+2ē = |
S2– |
–0,48 |
|
SO42–+2H+ |
+2ē = |
SO32–+H2O |
0,17 |
|
Sn2+ |
+2ē = |
Sn |
–0,14 |
|
Zn2+ |
+2ē = |
Zn |
–0,76 |
|
* – значения потенциалов приведены с учетом концентраций реагентов и перенапряжения в условиях проведения электролиза растворов солей.
** – значение потенциала соответствует условиям коррозии с кислородной деполяризацией.
76
Таблица вариантов контрольных заданий
№ |
Задание I |
Задание II |
00 |
1, 40, 41, 80, 96, 105, 121 |
155, 166, 183, 213, 223, 251, 261 |
01 |
2, 39, 42, 79, 97, 104, 122 |
154, 167, 182, 214, 222, 252, 262 |
02 |
3, 38, 43, 78, 98, 103, 123 |
153, 168, 181, 215, 221, 253, 263 |
03 |
4, 37, 44, 77, 99, 102, 124 |
152, 169, 196, 216, 221, 254, 263 |
04 |
5, 36, 45, 76, 100, 101, 121 |
151, 170, 195, 219, 222, 255, 262 |
05 |
6, 35, 46, 75, 81, 120, 122 |
150, 161, 194, 218, 223, 256, 261 |
06 |
7, 34, 47, 74, 82, 119, 123 |
149, 162, 193, 217, 237, 257, 280 |
07 |
8, 33, 48, 73, 83, 118, 124 |
148, 163, 192, 210, 236, 248, 279 |
08 |
9, 32, 49, 72, 84, 117, 125 |
147, 164, 191, 201, 235, 249, 278 |
09 |
10, 31, 50, 71, 85, 116, 126 |
146, 165, 190, 202, 234, 240, 277 |
10 |
11, 30, 51, 70, 86, 115, 127 |
145, 166, 189, 203, 233, 241, 276 |
11 |
12, 29, 52, 69, 87, 114, 128 |
144, 167, 188, 204, 232, 242, 275 |
12 |
13, 28, 53, 68, 88, 113, 129 |
143, 168, 187, 205, 231, 243, 274 |
13 |
14, 27, 54, 67, 89, 112, 130 |
142, 169, 186, 206, 230, 244, 273 |
14 |
15, 26, 55, 66, 90, 111, 131 |
141, 170, 181, 207, 229, 245, 272 |
15 |
16, 25, 56, 65, 91, 110, 132 |
141, 171, 182, 208, 228, 246, 271 |
16 |
17, 24, 57, 64, 92, 109, 133 |
142, 172, 183, 209, 227, 247, 270 |
17 |
18, 23, 58, 63, 93, 108, 134 |
143, 173, 184, 210, 226, 248, 269 |
18 |
19, 22, 59, 62, 94, 107, 135 |
144, 174, 185, 211, 225, 249, 268 |
19 |
20, 21, 60, 61, 95, 106, 136 |
145, 175, 186, 212, 224, 250, 267 |
20 |
1, 23, 49, 76, 91, 108, 137 |
146, 176, 194, 201, 221, 242, 266 |
21 |
2, 40, 50, 75, 92, 107, 138 |
156, 167, 193, 202, 222, 243, 265 |
22 |
3, 39, 41, 65, 96, 106, 139 |
157, 168, 192, 203, 223, 245, 264 |
23 |
4, 38, 42, 80, 97, 105, 140 |
158, 169, 191, 204, 224, 246, 263 |
24 |
5, 37, 43, 79, 98, 104, 126 |
159, 170, 183, 205, 225, 248, 262 |
25 |
6, 36, 44, 78, 99, 103, 129 |
155, 162, 182, 213, 226, 249, 271 |
26 |
7, 35, 45, 77, 100, 102, 127 |
154, 161, 181, 214, 223, 250, 270 |
27 |
8, 34, 46, 76, 81, 101, 122 |
153, 162, 196, 215, 222, 251, 269 |
28 |
9, 33, 47, 75, 82, 120, 130 |
152, 163, 195, 216, 221, 252, 268 |
29 |
10, 32, 48, 74, 83, 119, 128 |
151, 164, 194, 207, 222, 253, 267 |
30 |
11, 31, 49, 73, 84, 118, 124 |
150, 165, 193, 208, 229, 254, 276 |
31 |
12, 30, 50, 72, 85, 117, 121 |
149, 166, 192, 209, 228, 255, 275 |
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
|
|
№ |
Задание I |
Задание II |
|
32 |
13, 29, 51, 71, 86, 116, 122 |
148, 167, 191, 210, 227, 256, 274 |
|
33 |
14, 28, 52, 70, 87, 115, 123 |
147, 168, 190, 201, 236, 247, 273 |
|
34 |
15, 27, 53, 69, 88, 114, 124 |
146, 169, 189, 202, 235, 248, 278 |
|
35 |
16, 26, 54, 68, 89, 113, 125 |
145, 170, 188, 203, 239, 250, 279 |
|
36 |
17, 25, 55, 67, 90, 112, 126 |
144, 171, 187, 204, 233, 245, 280 |
|
37 |
18, 24, 56, 66, 91, 111, 127 |
143, 172, 186, 205, 232, 241, 279 |
|
38 |
19, 23, 57, 65, 92, 110, 128 |
142, 173, 185, 206, 231, 242, 278 |
|
39 |
20, 22, 58, 64, 93, 109, 129 |
141, 174, 184, 207, 230, 243, 277 |
|
40 |
1, 21, 59, 63, 94, 108, 122 |
142, 175, 181, 208, 229, 244, 276 |
|
41 |
11, 33, 45, 79, 81, 102, 130 |
155, 164, 182, 209, 232, 253, 266 |
|
42 |
12, 32, 46, 78, 82, 101, 123 |
154, 165, 181, 213, 230, 254, 265 |
|
43 |
13, 31, 47, 77, 83, 120, 125 |
153, 166, 196, 214, 231, 255, 264 |
|
44 |
14, 30, 48, 76, 84, 119, 121 |
152, 167, 195, 215, 223, 256, 263 |
|
45 |
15, 29, 49, 75, 85, 118, 126 |
151, 168, 194, 216, 222, 247, 262 |
|
46 |
16, 28, 50, 74, 86, 117, 129 |
150, 169, 193, 207, 221, 251, 261 |
|
47 |
17, 27, 51, 73, 87, 116, 127 |
149, 170, 192, 208, 230, 252, 280 |
|
48 |
18, 26, 52, 72, 88, 115, 122 |
148, 171, 191, 209, 229, 253, 279 |
|
49 |
19, 25, 53, 71, 89, 114, 130 |
147, 172, 190, 203, 228, 254, 278 |
|
50 |
20, 24, 54, 70, 90, 113, 128 |
146, 173, 189, 201, 227, 255, 277 |
|
51 |
1, 23, 55, 69, 91, 112, 124 |
145, 174, 188, 202, 236, 256, 276 |
|
52 |
2, 22, 56, 68, 92, 111, 129 |
144, 165, 187, 203, 235, 247, 278 |
|
53 |
3, 21, 57, 67, 93, 110, 127 |
143, 166, 186, 204, 234, 248, 274 |
|
54 |
4, 26, 58, 66, 94, 109, 130 |
142, 166, 185, 205, 233, 249, 273 |
|
55 |
5, 25, 59, 65, 95, 108, 123 |
141, 167, 184, 206, 232, 250, 272 |
|
56 |
6, 24, 60, 64, 87, 107, 125 |
141, 168, 190, 207, 231, 241, 271 |
|
57 |
7, 40, 51, 63, 88, 106, 121 |
149, 169, 189, 208, 230, 242, 270 |
|
58 |
2, 39, 42, 79, 97, 104, 122 |
154, 167, 182, 214, 222, 252, 262 |
|
59 |
3, 38, 43, 78, 98, 103, 123 |
153, 168, 181, 215, 221, 253, 263 |
|
60 |
4, 37, 44, 77, 99, 102, 124 |
152, 169, 196, 216, 221, 254, 263 |
|
61 |
5, 36, 45, 76, 100, 101, 121 |
151, 170, 195, 219, 222, 255, 262 |
|
62 |
6, 35, 46, 75, 81, 120, 122 |
150, 161, 194, 218, 223, 256, 261 |
|
63 |
7, 34, 47, 74, 82, 119, 123 |
149, 162, 193, 217, 237, 257, 280 |
|
64 |
8, 33, 48, 73, 83, 118, 124 |
148, 163, 192, 210, 236, 248, 279 |
|
65 |
9, 32, 49, 72, 84, 117, 125 |
147, 164, 191, 201, 235, 249, 278 |
|
78
№ |
Задание I |
Задание II |
66 |
10, 31, 50, 71, 85, 116,126 |
146, 165, 190, 202, 234, 240, 277 |
67 |
11, 30, 51, 70, 86, 115, 127 |
145, 166, 189, 203, 233, 241, 276 |
68 |
12, 29, 52, 69, 87, 114, 128 |
144, 167, 188, 204, 232, 242, 275 |
69 |
13, 28, 53, 68, 88, 113, 129 |
143, 168, 187, 205, 231, 243, 274 |
70 |
14, 27, 54, 67, 89, 112, 130 |
142, 169, 186, 206, 230, 244, 273 |
71 |
15, 26, 55, 66, 90, 111, 131 |
141, 170, 181, 207, 229, 245, 272 |
72 |
16, 25, 56, 65, 91, 110, 132 |
141, 171, 182, 208, 228, 246, 271 |
73 |
17, 24, 57, 64, 92, 109, 133 |
142, 172, 183, 209, 227, 247, 270 |
74 |
18, 23, 58, 63, 93, 108, 134 |
143, 173, 184, 210, 226, 248, 269 |
75 |
19, 22, 59, 62, 94, 107, 135 |
144, 174, 185, 211, 225, 249, 268 |
76 |
20, 21, 60, 61, 95, 106, 136 |
145, 175, 186, 212, 224, 250, 267 |
77 |
1, 23, 49, 76, 91, 108, 137 |
146, 176, 194, 201, 221, 242, 266 |
78 |
2, 40, 50, 75, 92, 107, 138 |
143, 166, 193, 202, 222, 243, 265 |
79 |
3, 39, 41, 65, 96, 106, 139 |
157, 167, 192, 203, 223, 245, 264 |
80 |
4, 38, 42, 80, 97, 105, 140 |
158, 168, 191, 204, 224, 246, 263 |
81 |
5, 37, 43, 79, 98, 104, 126 |
159, 169, 183, 205, 225, 248, 262 |
82 |
6, 36, 44, 78, 99, 103, 129 |
155, 162, 182, 213, 226, 249, 271 |
83 |
7, 35, 45, 77, 100, 102, 127 |
154, 161, 181, 214, 223, 250, 270 |
84 |
8, 34, 46, 76, 81, 101, 122 |
153, 162, 196, 215, 222, 251, 269 |
85 |
9, 33, 47, 75, 82, 120, 130 |
152, 163, 195, 216, 221, 252, 268 |
86 |
10, 32, 48, 74, 83, 119, 128 |
151, 164, 194, 207, 222, 253, 267 |
87 |
11, 31, 49, 73, 84, 118, 124 |
150, 165, 193, 208, 229, 254, 276 |
88 |
12, 30, 50, 72, 85, 117, 121 |
149, 166, 192, 209, 228, 255, 275 |
89 |
13, 29, 51, 71, 86, 116, 122 |
148, 167, 191, 210, 227, 256, 274 |
90 |
14, 28, 52, 70, 87, 115, 123 |
147, 168, 190, 201, 236, 247, 273 |
91 |
1, 40, 41, 80, 96, 105, 121 |
155, 166, 183, 213, 223, 251, 261 |
92 |
2, 39, 42, 79, 97, 104, 122 |
154, 167, 182, 214, 222, 252, 262 |
93 |
3, 38, 43, 78, 98, 103, 123 |
153, 168, 181, 215, 221, 253, 263 |
94 |
4, 37, 44, 77, 99, 102, 124 |
152, 169, 196, 216, 221, 254, 263 |
95 |
5, 36, 45, 76, 100, 101, 121 |
151, 170, 195, 219, 222, 255, 262 |
96 |
6, 35, 46, 75, 81, 120, 122 |
150, 161, 194, 218, 223, 256, 261 |
97 |
7, 34, 47, 74, 82, 119, 123 |
149, 162, 193, 217, 237, 257, 280 |
98 |
8, 33, 48, 73, 83, 118, 124 |
148, 163, 192, 210, 236, 248, 279 |
99 |
9, 32, 49, 72, 84, 117, 125 |
147, 164, 191, 201, 235, 249, 278 |
79