ang
.pdfh)Социальный туризм — туризм, полностью или частично осуществляемый за счѐт бюджетных средств, средств государственных внебюджетных фондов, а также средств работодателей.
i)Экскурсионный туризм – одно из перспективных направлений, развивающихся наиболее быстро.
j)Западные компании давно освоили такой вид проведения мероприятий как бизнес – туризм. Выездные конференции, семинары, тренинги – прекрасная возможность совместить приятное с полезным.
4.Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.
a)To know all is to forgive all.
b)You are always the first to arrive.
c)The book to be read can be bought in any shop.
d)Some people find it difficult to speak in public.
e)Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet.
5.Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы и функции герундия.
a)Would you mind opening the window?
b)I couldn‘t help laughing.
c)Did you find any difficulty in solving this problem?
d)Не felt satisfaction in helping them.
e)You can‘t learn English well without practicing every day.
Задание 6. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы и функции причастия.
a)Having been written the letters were posted to customers.
b)He being no more heard of, it was natural to forget everything.
c)And the wind having dropped, they set out to walk.
d)Having been shown the wrong direction, the travelers soon lost their way.
e)A teacher seeing a mistake in a student's dictation always corrects it.
7.Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на типы условных предложений.
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a)If he were in town, he would help us.
b)If I were you, I should go there immediately.
c)If I were in his place, I should refuse.
d)If there were more time, I could finish my article.
e)If they were happy, they wouldn't quarrel every evening.
Вариант 15
1. Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст.
ECOLOGICAL TOURISM
Ecotourism (also known as ecological tourism) is travel to fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas that strives to be low impact and (often) small scale. It helps educate the traveler, provides funds for conservation, directly benefits the economic development and political empowerment of local communities, and fosters respect for different cultures and for human rights. Ecotourism appeals to ecologically and socially conscious individuals. Generally speaking, it focuses on volunteering, personal growth and learning new ways to live on the planet. It typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions.
Ecotourism is a conceptual experience, enriching those who delve into researching and understanding the environment around them. It gives us insight into our impacts as human beings and also a greater appreciation of our own natural habitats.
Responsible ecotourism includes programs that minimize the negative aspects of conventional tourism on the environment and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, an integral part of ecotourism is the promotion of recycling, energy efficiency, water conservation and creation of economic opportunities for the local communities.
Ecotourism is a form of tourism that involves traveling to tranquil and unpolluted natural areas. According to the definition and principles of ecotourism established by The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) in 1990, ecotourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.
There are seven characteristics of ecotourism: it 
involves travel to natural destinations;
minimizes impact;
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builds environmental awareness;
provides direct financial benefits for conservation;
provides financial benefits and empowerment for local people;
respects local culture;
supports human rights and demographic movements.
2.Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту.
a)What is ecotourism?
b)What are the basic principles of ecotourism?
c)What measures may minimize the negative aspects of conventional tourism on the environment?
d)What is natural resource management?
e)The global ecology movement has been stimulated by a widespread acknowledgement of an ecological crisis of our planet. Why?
3.Переведите письменно предложения на английский язык, используя лексику текста из задания 1.
a)Экологический туризм - особый сектор туристической отрасли, который подразумевает стремление в первую очередь к общению с природой, познанию ее объектов и явлений, активному отдыху на природе.
b)Появление экотуризма и его развитие объясняется стремлением свести к минимуму изменения окружающей среды.
c)Познавая природу, туристы проникаются необходимостью бережного к ней отношения.
d)Экотуристы стремятся в места с нетронутой природой, но таковых на нашей планете остается все меньше.
e)Объектами экотуризма могут быть как природные, так и культурные достопримечательности, где традиционная культура составляет единое целое с окружающей средой.
f)При условии грамотного развития экологический туризм может сыграть свою роль в разрешении современного со- циально-экологического кризиса.
g)Возрастающий спрос в этом секторе туризма приводит к созданию новых особо охраняемых природных территорий, в первую очередь национальных и природных парков.
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h)На многих территориях экологический туризм может стать отраслью специализации, представляя конкурентоспособную альтернативу разрушающей природу хозяйственной деятельности.
i)Наша страна обладает обширными территориями с нетронутой природой.
j)Развитие экологического туризма поможет сохранить природную красоту уникальных территорий Сибири.
4.Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.
a)I don‘t remember when he was not the last to come.
b)You expect me to criticize the article, but I wouldn‘t.
c)Don‘t expect her to praise your work.
d)Here is the matter to be solved as soon as possible.
e)The only way of getting the best of an argument is to avoid it.
5.Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы и функции герундия.
a)There is no harm in doing that.
b)I have not yet received an explanation for their postponing the meeting.
c)Norman was not aware of your applying for the position.
d)We have no intention of restricting your right to join any trade union.
e)We avoided asking her questions.
Задание 6. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы и функции причастия.
a)The house surrounded by tall trees is very beautiful.
b)Be careful when crossing a street.
c)There are many students in our group taking part in all kinds of extra-curricular activities.
d)A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.
e)The treaty having been signed, trade was at once resumed.
Задание 7. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на типы условных предложений.
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a)Were we on holidays now, we would go to the countryside.
b)If I knew the subject well, I wouldn't worry about the exam.
c)If you were luckier, you might get this position.
d)If I didn't know you, I would not trust you.
e)I should not have been late yesterday, if my watch had been right.
Вариант 16
1. Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст.
MACARONI PRODUCTS
Italy is generally considered as the original home of macaroni products. Certainly it is the country in which macaroni products have been and are still most popular, but their manufacture and use seem to have started in China or Japan.
Macaroni products are produced from the semolina or hard wheat flour. So they are valuable, cheap and tasty food. They are acceptable and quickly digested. One pound of dried macaroni provides approximately 1,600 calories.
Italy is a country in which macaroni products are most popular. No Italian would doubt the importance of macaroni products.
The main macaroni products are: vermicelli, spaghetti, noodles, specialties and others.
Vermicelli is the macaroni product with the smallest diameter ranging from 1/50 in. to 1/20 in. Italians call the vermicelli ―Capelli d‘angeli‖ (Angel‘s Hair). Vermicelli is easy to manufacture and dry.
Vermicelli is generally cut into length of about 10 in. and then twisted into curls. It is rarely sold straight length.
Spaghetti is the most popular macaroni product with a diameter of about 1/15 in. and a length of 10, 20 or30 in. Most spaghetti is straight. It is sometimes short cut to about 1 or 2 in. long.
Noodles are solid ribbons with a thickness of about 1/20 in. and of different widths. Narrow noodles are of 1/20 in. Broad noodles may have width up to ½ in. and even 1 in. Noodles may be straight scattered or twisted like vermicelli. The length of straight noodles is 10, 20 or 30 in. Twisted noodles are usually about 10 in. Scattered noodles are shorter having length from 4 to 8 in.
Specialties are small solid macaroni products made for soup. They usually have shapes of letters, numbers, stars, melon seeds and others.
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2.Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту.
a)What raw materials are usually used for production of macaroni?
b)In what country are macaroni products most popular?
c)What kind of macaroni products called spaghetti?
d)What kind of macaroni products is called noodles?
e)What kind of macaroni products do we call specialties?
f)What macaroni products are produced in Russia?
3.Переведите письменно предложения на английский язык, используя лексику текста из Задания 1.
a)Мы любим макаронные изделия и употребляем их очень часто.
b)Макароны – это ценный, дешевый и вкусный продукт.
c)Макаронные изделия производятся из крупчатой муки или из муки твердой пшеницы.
d)Макароны особенно популярны в Италии.
e)Италия считается родиной макаронной промышленности.
f)Именно в Италии макаронное производство развилось рано.
g)Затем оно проникло в другие страны Европы.
h)Основные макаронные изделия следующие: вермишель, спагетти, лапша и специальные суповые засыпки.
i)В России высоко развито макаронное производство.
j)Ежегодно мы производим тысячи тонн различных макаронных изделий.
4.Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.
a)He agreed to buy a new car.
b)The question is easy to answer.
c)The man asked me how to get to the airport.
d)Excuse me, may I ask you a question?
e)Why did you pretend to eat my hamburger?
5.Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы и функции герундия.
a)I can't imagine Peter going by bike.
b)I look forward to seeing you at the weekend.
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c)Excuse me being late.
d)He could not help telling the results of the negotiations.
e)It is worth while having all the data together before discussing them.
6.Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы и функции причастия.
a)I heard my mother talking on the phone.
b)My uncle always has his car washed.
c)We stood waiting for the taxi.
d)Looking down from the tower we saw many people walking in the streets.
e)For the moment the shop was empty, the mechanic having disappeared into a room at the back.
7.Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на типы условных предложений.
a)If you dive into this river, you will hurt yourself.
b)If the sun shines, the children will play outside.
c)If you helped your grandma, I would do the shopping.
d)Andrew would water the flowers if he stayed at home.
e)If he had come earlier, he would have met Tina.
Вариант 17
1. Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст.
MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS
For centuries milk has been recognized as an indispensable food for mankind. Milk contains all the food constituents required in the human diet and in essentially the proper proportions. First of all, milk supplies proteins of exceedingly high quality. Milk also supplies amounts of calcium, which is often deficient in the human diet. Besides, milk is an excellent source of the vitamins necessary to health. Milk is used for producing many dairy products, such as cream, butter, cheese, icecream, condensed milk, skim milk and fermented milk.
Butter is a highly concentrated fat food and contains very little amount of other milk constituents. Butter contains between 81-84 percent of butterfat, a small amount of salt and less than one percent of pro-
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teins. Butter is chiefly a source of energy, supplying 3,410 calories per pound. In addition, butter is an excellent source of vitamin A.
Cheese consists of a concentration of the milk solids chiefly casein and butter fat. It the cheapest source of animal protein which is used for human food. Besides, cheese is an excellent source of calcium, phosphorus and other minerals.
Ice-cream is produced of milk and cream. All the constituents of milk are present in ice-cream in concentrated form. Ice-cream contains 60-69 per cent of water. It contains sugar. It may be added to such materials as eggs, gelatin, fruits, nuts, chocolate and others which add to it food value. Thus, ice-cream contains a rich supply of the food nutrients.
Condensed milk and dry milk contain all the food constituents of milk in a highly concentrated form.
Skim milk contains all the solids of milk excepting the butter fat. Skim milk is an excellent source of animal protein of high quality and the minerals-calcium and phosphorus. It contains some proportion of lactose. Skim milk is an excellent food for man and for young growing animals.
Fermented milks are produced from the whole milk by using special microorganisms. The principal product formed in the fermentation is lactic acid. Most of the fermented milks are considered to be especially healthful. Some of them contribute desirable types of bacteria which compete with undesirable bacteria which are in intestinal tract and which produce toxic products.
2.Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту.
a)What is milk?
b)What dairy products are produced of milk?
c)What does butter contain?
d)What is cheese?
e)What varieties of milk are produced in Russian plants?
3.Переведите письменно предложения на английский язык, используя лексику текста из Задания 1.
a)Молочные продукты богаты жирами, белком и минеральными солями.
b)Мы знаем, что пастеризация молока применяется для разрушения всех микроорганизмов, находящихся в нем.
c)Молоко улучшает качество хлеба.
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d)Молоко легко обезжиривается, если пропустить его через сепаратор.
e)Сыр производится из молока.
f)Известно, что масло производят из сливок.
g)Соль добавляют в масло, чтобы продлить сохранность качества и придать приятный аромат.
h)Соль, используемая в масле, должна быть чистой и мелкой.
i)Я считаю, что это молоко слишком кислое для кипячения.
j)Это масло слишком прогорклое, чтобы использовать его в тесте.
4.Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.
a)We decided to run through the forest.
b)The teacher expected Sarah to study hard.
c)I learned to ride the bike at the age of 5.
d)Don't worry. I'll remember to call you tonight.
e)They invited me to come.
5.Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы и функции герундия.
a)She doesn't mind working the night shift.
b)Are you thinking of visiting London?
c)Do you think it's worth buying it?
d)There is high probability of their being invited to the congress as special guests.
e)We‘ll probably think of trying another approach in this matter.
6.Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы и функции причастия.
a)Everybody looked at the dancing girl.
b)The little plump woman standing at the window is my grandmother.
c)The man playing the piano is Kate's uncle.
d)A fish taken out of the water cannot live.
e)The sun having set an hour before, it was getting darker.
f)Taking a dictionary, he began to translate the text.
7.Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на типы условных предложений.
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a)Richard will walk to school if he misses the bus.
b)Emily will buy the cola if you pack the picnic basket.
c)If she had 5 pounds more, she would buy herself this T-shirt.
d)If they offered me the job, I would take it.
e)If I had seen you, I would have talked to you.
Вариант 18
1. Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст.
TEA
Tea is the most popular beverage of the peoples of China, Japan, Russia and Great Britain. It is made from the dried leaves of the cultivated tea-plant.
The tea-plant is an evergreen shrub which, when wild, may grow to the height of thirty feet. But when under cultivation it is so trained and pruned, that it is generally not more than four or five feet high.
The plant is not raised from slips, but from the seed. The leaves are good for plucking when the tea-plant is three years old, and it yields the largest quantity of leaves when it has reached the age of eight years.
There are many names for different kinds of tea: but there is only one kind of tea-plant. The difference in the quality and character of the leaves arise from the different soils the plant may be grown in, the different climates that play upon it, the different times at which the leaves are picked and the different ways in which the leaves are ―cured‖ or dressed.
The tea-plant grows in a most soil-commonly stony or at the foot of mountains and rocks, which face the South.
The first picking takes place in the month of April. It consists of very young leaves and of buds just beginning to burst into leaves. These very young leaves give a tea of the finest quality. The little shrubs quickly put out leaves again; and the second picking takes place in May. This is the crop, which combines the best quality with the largest quantity of leaves and is, therefore the most important crop of the year.
The third crop is picked about in the middle of June, but the leaves from this crop are much coarser and of inferior quality. The fourth crop is gathered in August or September; and these leaves are large and coarse, have a bitter and woody flavour.
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