A_book_of_English_pdf

The house – to be built.

The concert – to be arranged

b) Present, Past Continuous:

The questions – to be discussed. The work – to be done.

The students – to be examined.

c)Present, Past, Future Perfect: The district – to be explored. The meeting – to be held.

The profession – to be chosen.

II. Compare the following pairs of sentences and translate them.

1. The teacher asks the students many questions. The students are asked many questions. 2. He told them an interesting story. He was told an interesting story. 3. She visited her friends. She was visited by her friends. 4 I shall give a good book. I shall be given a good book. 5. The rector will receive you at 3 o’clock. You will be received on Wednesday. 6. They will show us a new film tomorrow. They will be shown a new film tomorrow.

Study the following

The Gerund

The Gerund is nonfinite form which has verbal features and has also nominal (noun) features.

Objective verbs have four forms of the gerund.

Subjective verbs have only two forms of the gerund. They have no passive forms:

Note: There is a tendency at present to avoid using the Perfect forms of the gerund.

II. Practise the forms of the infinitives (to be done orally): a) to have written

to rise, to advertise. to lay, to choose; b) to have been written

to build, to fix, to raise, to sell; c) to be writing

to weep, to read, to translate, to ask;

d)to have been writing to walk, to speak, to sit

e)to be written

to devote, to hold, to interrupt;

III. Translate the sentences, in which the infinitive is used: a) as subject

To read English is a great pleasure. b) as predicative

His task was to complete the work in time. c) as object

When did you learn to skate? He likes to read English. d) as attribute

She was the first to come.

The film to be shown at the Institute to-day is very impressive. e) as adverbial modifier

You must hurry (so as) not to be late. Has he come to apologize?

He is clever enough to understand it.

IV. State the function of the infinitive

1. To live in London in November is to know what fog means. 2. To know all is to forgive all. 3. It is difficult for me to believe the news. 4. It is necessary for you to apologize. 5. It was impossible to invite them both. 6. To tell her the news now is to kill her.

Study the following

1. Objective with the Infinitive (complex object)

A. Subject + verb predicate + object + Infinitive

Study the following

Participle

The Participle is a non-finite form which has certain verbal features and the syntactical functions of adjectival or adverbial character

1.(When) translating the article he came across certain difficulties .

2.Having translated the article he handed it to the teacher.

3.(Being) translated very carelessly the article was difficult to read.

4.Having been translated the article was sent to the editor.

5.The girl translating the article at the desk, turned round and asked for help.

6.The articles translated by (mr., comrade) Klimov will soon be published.

7.The article being translated now will appear in the papers tomorrow morn-

ing.

I. Practise the forms of the Participle:

II. Translate these sentences in which Participle I is used as adverbial modifier.

A.

1.We used to walk about Kyiv admiring its architecture and ancient monuments.

2.Listening to his arguments I found myself agreeing with his views.

3.(When) reading the book I came across a number of unfamiliar words.

B.

1.Having written a few words on a sheet of paper, he folded it and passed to the neighbour.

2.Not having been written in time, the article was not accepted by the editor.

4.You will get good results if you apply this method of calculation.

5.If he had taken a taxi, he would have come in time.

6.If it had not been so late now, I should have gone to the country.

7.The design would be ready by the end of the year if they supplied us with all the necessary equipment.

II.

Model A. If I see him tomorrow, I shall tell him about the meeting. If I saw him tomorrow , I should tell him about the meeting.

1.If they find the exact meaning of this word, they will understand the sentence easily.

2.If he works much at his English he will pass his exam well.

3.If I get a good dictionary, I shall translate this text.

4.If we receive the documents tomorrow, we shall start loading the lorries on Monday.

5.If the student observes the rules, he will not make mistakes.

6.If you help me, I shall repair the engine in an hour.

Model B: If I see him, I shall tell him about the meeting. If I had seen him yesterday, I should have told him about the meeting.

1.If you go there by plane, you will come in time for the conference.

2.If I know the time of his arrival, I shall meet him at the station.

3.If the builders do not work hard, the canal will not be opened in time.

4.If the students are more careful, they will not break the new apparatus.

Table of the interrogative sentences

168 A book of English

Appendix 2

Mini – Test 1

1.Choose the correct word in the following sentences.

1.He doesn't have (many/much) money.

2.She bought (that/those) cards last night.

3.There are (less/fewer) students in this room than in the next room.

4.There is (too much/to many) bad news on television tonight.

5.This is (too many/too much) information to learn.

6.A (few/little) people left early.

7.Would you like (less/fewer) coffee than this?

2.Choose either the simple present or present progressive in the following sentences.

1.The committee members ... (examine) the material now.

2.He … (practise) computer every day.

3.The president ... (try) to contact his advisors now.

4.The secretary ... (type) the letter now.

5.Only the secretary ... (type) the letters.

6.The bank ... (open) at 8:00 a.m.

7.He ... (try) to open a current account in this bank now.

3.Use either the present perfect or the simple past in the following sentences.

1.John ... (write) his report last night.

2.Bob ... (see) the document before.

3.Jane ... (read) the newspaper already.

4.Mr. Johnson ... (work) in the same place for thirty-five years and he is not planning to retire yet.

5.Betty ... (call) her employer yesterday.

6.He ... (be) to California three times.

7.He ... (travel) round the world.

4.Choose the correct form of the verb in parentheses in the following sentences.

1.John, along with twenty friends, (is/are) planning a party.

2.The picture of the soldiers (bring/brings) back many memories.

3.The quality of these recordings (is/are) not very good.

4.The use of credit cards in place of cash (have/has) increased rapidly in recent years.

5.Advertisements on television (is/are) becoming more competitive than ever before.