WhatAreWeWorkingfor?

Haveyoueveraskedyourselfwhatyouareworkingfor?Ifyouhaveeverhadthetimetoconsiderthisquestion,orputittoothers,youmightwellhaveheardsomeorallofthefollowing.It'sthemoneyofcourse,somesaywithasmile,asifexplainingsomethingtoasmallchild.Orit'sthesatisfactionofajobwelldone,thesenseofachievementbehindtheclinchingofanimportantdeal.It'sthecompanyofotherpeopleperhaps,butifthatisthecase,whataboutfarmers?Isittheconversationinthefarmyardthatkeepsthemcapti­vatedbythejob?Workispowerandasenseofstatussaythosewhohaveeitherattainedtheseelusivegoals,orfeelaggrievedthatnobodyhasyetrecognisedtheirleadershipqualities.Isuspect,andIsaythisundermybreath,thatmostofusworkhopingforsome­thingtoturnup.We'llwinthepools,andtellthebosswhatwereallythink.We'llscrapeto­getherthemoneyandopenthatlittleshopwealwaysdreamedof,orgoroundtheworld,orspendmoretimeinthegarden.Onedaywe'llgetthatpromotionwedeserve,butuntilthenatleastwehavesomethingtodo.Andwearesobusydoingitthatwewon'thavetimetowonderwhy.

WordMeaning

JOB-DO(FORALIVING)-OCCUPATION-POSTIPOSITION-BUSINESSCAREER-TRADE-PROFESSION-WORK-LINE-VOCATION

^JOB Yourjobiswhatyoudotoearnyourliving.

• You'llnevergetajobifyoudon'thaveanyqualifications.

• She'dliketochangeherjobbutcan'tfindanythingbetter.

Yourjobisalsotheparticulartypeofworkthatyoudo.

• John'snewjobsoundsreallyinteresting.

• IknowsheworksfortheBBCbutI'mnotsurewhatjobshedoes.

Ajobmaybefull-timeorpart-time(NOThalf-timeorhalf-day).

• Allshecouldgetwasapart-timejobatapetrolstation.

DO Whenyouwanttoknowaboutthetypeofworkthatsomeonedoes,the

(foraliving) usualquestionsareWhatdoyoudo?Whatdoesshedoforaliving?etc.

• Whatdoesyoorfatherdo?-He'sapoliceinspector.

OCCUPATION Occupationandjobhavesimilarmeanings.However,occupationisfarlesscommonthanjobandisusedmainlyinformalandofficialstyles.

• Pleasegivebriefdetailsofyouremploymenthistoryandpresentoccupation.

• Peopleinmanualoccupationsseemtosufferlessfromstress.

POSTI Theparticularjobthatyouhaveinacompanyororganisationisyourpost

POSITION orposition.

• She'sbeenappointedtothepostofdeputyprincipal.

• He'sappliedforthepositionofsalesmanager.

Postandpositionareusedmainlyinformalstylesandoftenrefertojobswhichhavealotofresponsibility.

BUSINESS Thegeneralareaofworkthatyouareinvolvedin.

• Whatbusinessareyouin?-Antiques,mostly.

• Inourbusinessthefirstruleisthatthecustomerisalwaysright.

CAREER Yourcareerisyourworkinglife,ortheseriesofjobsthatyouhaveduringyourworkinglife.

• Thescandalbroughthiscareerinpoliticstoasuddenend.

• Lateroninhiscareer,hebecamefirstsecretaryattheBritishEmbassyinWashington.

Yourcareerisalsotheparticularkindofworkforwhichyouaretrained

andthatyouintendtodoforalongtime.

• Iwantedtofindoutmoreaboutcareersinpublishing.

TRADE Atradeisatypeofworkinwhichyoudoormakethingswithyourhands.

• Mostofthemenworkedinskilledtradessuchascarpentryorprinting.

• Mygrandfatherwasabricklayerbytrade.

PROFESSION Aprofessionisatypeofworksuchasmedicine,teaching,orlawwhich

requiresahighleveloftrainingoreducation.

• Untilrecently,medicinehasbeenamale-dominatedprofession.

• Sheenteredtheteachingprofessionin1987.

Ajobyouarepaidtodooractivitythatyoudoregularly.

• Myfatherstartedworkwhenhewas14.

• Thereisn'Ialotofworkatthistimeoftheyear.

Thekindofworksomeonedoes.

• Whatlineofbusinessishein?

• HeisinthebuildingIretail,etc.line.

Thetypeofthingthatsomeoneisinterestedinorgoodat.

_{• I'mafraidcookeryisn'treallyinmyline.}

VOCATION

Ajobthatyoudobecauseyouhaveaverystrongfeelingthatdoingthisjobisthepurposeofyourlife.

_{• Teachingisn'tjustajob-it'savocation. ·'':·'}

Ex.1Completeeachsentencebyusingawordfromthebox.Thewordscanbeusedmorethanonce.

.-,\

businessjob livingwork professionvocationtra'decareeroccupationlinepostIposition

Pleasestateyourage,address,and inthespacebelow.Markmakeshis workingasajournalist.

Therearealotmorewomeninthelegal---,-.,.,.-,.-HewasofferedtheofambassadorinChina.Thescandaldestroyedhisinpublishing..

Asateachershefeelsshehasfinallyfoundher------Thecostof hasrisengreatlyovertherecentyears.

Ican'tcomeouttonight.I'vegottoomuch todo.Stopinterfering!Thisisnoneofyour _

. ' -)

_..

10.Katehasaverygood inaninternationalcompany.

11.IwishIhadyour -itsoundsreallyinteresting

12.Ididn'trealizewewereinthesame ofbusiness.

13.Mostofthemenworkedinskilled suchascarpentryorprinting.

14.Therearestilltoomanypeoplewithout .Theyworkedveryhardandnowtheyhavetheirown _

_{Ex.2Arrangethefollowingwordsintheappropriategroups.}

lawyer	dentist	hairdresser	mechanic
architect	priest	farmer	vet
librarian	physiotherapist	child-minder	policeofficer
refusecollector	accountant	scientist	chef
firefighter	civilservant	tailorIdressmaker	designer
builder	carpenter	plumber	electrician
cleaner	engineer

JobsthatrequireconsiderabletrainingandIorqualification

Trades(skilledmanualjobs)

requiringon-the-jobandothertraining

Unskilledjobs

_{Ex.3Choosesynonymsfromthefocusvocabulary.}

1.tobeoutofajobIwork	4.	income
2.-tohire,engage	5.	todirect,lead,guide
3. toreach,realiseBrEIizeAmE	6.	tothrowoutofwork,tofire,tosack

Ex.4Sayinonewordusingthefocusvocabulary.

1.apersonwhoisemployed

2.moneythatanemployeereceivesforhisIherwork

3.aparticularfitnessorabilityforcertainkindofwork

4.toappointapersonforajob

5.moneypaidformanualwork

6.moneywhichallowsonetoprovideforaliving

7.toleaveone'sjoborposition

8

-

Ex.5Paraphrasethefollowing.

1.Myfatherhasbeenunemployedformonths.

2.Heiskeentobecomeadoctor.

3.Teachingchildrenismorethanjustawayofmakingmoney:it'saspecialcallfromGod.

4.Hehasbecomeadiplomat.

5.Iamtotallyindifferenttoit.

6.I'vegotajobforyou.

7.Hehasneverhadthesenseoffitnessorabilityforteaching.

8.Myson'sveryskilfulasadriver.

9.Onlyaftermuchhardworkaremostofusabletorealiseourdreams.

10.Myuncledirectsanaircraftfactory.

11.Thecompanyhirespeopleaccordingtotheirskill.

12.Hewasastock-broker.

_{13.Whenheleftschool,hetookupajobofalorrydriver.}

Wordformation

_{Ex.6Completethechart.}

NOUNS	VERBS
1. 2. dismissal 3. retirement 4. 5. promotion 6. achievement 7. 8. 9.work tO.	employoffer chooseriseIraise resign

Worduse

_{Ex.7Giveasmanycollocationsaspossiblematchingthewordsfromthetwo}

₁

^columns.

_{GV"Note:usearticlesorpronounswherenecessary.}

tochangetogive

toemployfor

todismissfrom

postworkpromotion

_employment ^---------r!:

9

tolookfortomake

toearn

todo(for)

tolose

torecommendfortoachieve

tofindtoholdtoquittooffertoget

tobecutoutfortoleave

tofollow

_toappoint

riseIraisejobemployeecareersuccessposition

jobhunting

workerprofessionvocationliving

_{Ex.8Draw'spiders'asintheexample.}

ALIVING

j _I

_I^'

j

Ex..9Completeeachsentencebyusingawordfromthebox.

employ-employer-employee-unemployed-employment-unemployment

1.Weare-------:anewinterpreterfromSeptember1.

2.Heis atpresentandisjobhunting.

3.Wewere todosomeseasonaljob.

4.My wouldn'tlikemetobelate.

_{5.Office arecalledwhite-collarworkers.}

^6.Beingahousewifeisfull-time--,---,---,-.,---­

^7.=-------isamajorsocialproblem.

_8.The areonthedoleintheUnitedKingdom.

10

Ex.10Matchthewordsfromthetwocolumns.

&\/'Note:thattheremaybevariouscombinations.

full-time ^{workerdemanding}

blue-collar job

tough

high ^employment

frustrating

factory ^businesshard

seasonal career

backbreaking

white-collar ^{employeeboring}

office ^{positionbrilliant}

government work

part-time

competitive ^{postrewarding}

.,

odd ^{professionlow-status}

challenging

Ex.11A.Readtheexpressionsconnectedwithwork.

toworkshift-work(nightsoneweek,daysnext)

tobeonflexi-time(flexibleworkinghours)

toworknine-to-five(regulardaywork)

togoIbeonstrike(industrialdispute)

togetthesack(thrownoutofyourjob)

tobefired(moreformalthan'getthesack';oftenusedasadirectaddress:'You'refired!')

tobedismissed(moreformalthan'befireEI')

tobemaderedundant(thrownout,nolongerneeded)

tobelaidoff(moreinformalthan'made

redundant')

togiveupwork(e.g.inordertostudy)

tobeonItakematernityleave(expectingababy)

tobeonItakesickleave(illness)

_{totakeearlyretirement(retireat55)}

^'

'

hoursofwork

reasons

fornotworking

11

B.UsingtheexpressionssaywhatyouthinkhashappenedIishappening.

,,..Example:

I'mnotworkingnow,thebaby'sduein3weeks.

She'sonmaternityleave.

1.Ilostmyjob.Theyhadtomakecutbacks.

2.He'senjoyinglifeonapension,althoughhe'sonly58.

3.Oneweekit'ssix-to-two,thenextit'snights.

4.Iwaslatesooften,Ilostmyjob.

5.Igetinatnineo'clockandgohomeatfive.

Ex.12Whowouldyoucontactorcalloninthesituationsbelow?Trytofindtheappropriatepersonforeachsituation.

1.Afillinghascomeoutofoneofyourbackteeth.

2.Youthinkyoureyesneedtesting.

3.Yourfringeisgettingabittoolong.

4.Youwantaportraitphotographofyourself.

5.Youfancyaholidayinthesun.

6.Yourgrandpianoisn'tsoundingquiteright.

7.Youwanttofinda400-year-oldgrandfatherclock.

8.Yourcarwon'tstart.

9.Youwanttolearntodrive.

10.Youhavedecidedtosellyourhouse.

11.Youwantplansdrawnupforanewhouse.

12.Youliketheideaofnewwallpaperthroughoutthehouse.

13.Yourhouseisonfire.

14.Youthinkyourneighboursjustmightbeneglectingtheirlittlechild.

_{15.Allthelightsinyourhousehavefused.}

a)adentist(dentalsurgeon)b)ahairdresser(hairstylist)c)anarchitect

d)adrivinginstructor

e)aninteriordecoratorf)a(garage)mechanicg)aphotographer

h)anoptician

i) anantiquedealerj) atravelagent

k)anelectrician

I)anestateagent

m)thefirebrigade(firemen)

n)apianotuner

o)asocialworker

Ex.13A.Findsentencesfromthelistontherightwhichparaphraseeachofthesentencesontheleft.

1.Whatdoyoudoforaliving?

2.Isitaveryrewardingjob?

3.Doyougetanyperks?

4.Whydidtheysackyou?

5.Areyouinchargeofrecruitmet?

6.Isitaverydemandingjob?

7.Whatdoesthejobinvolve?

8.Whydidyouhandinyournotice?

9.Howmuchdoyouearn?

10.Isitaskilledjob?

12

a)Whydidyouresign?

b)Whatdoyouhavetodoexactly?(2vari­

ants)

c)Doyouworkforyourselforareyouem-ployedbysomeone?

d)Whydidtheyemployyou?

e)Doyouneedanyspecialtraining?

f)Areyouresponsibleforemployingpeople?

g)Isitveryhardwork?

h)Whatisyoursalary?

11Whydidtheytakeyouon?

12Areyoufreelance?

13Whatareyourjobresponsibilities?

i)Whywereyoudismissed?

j) What'syourjob?

k)Whatfringebenefitsarethere?I)Is1taverysatisfyingjob?

B.Itissometimesnecessarytoparaphrasewhatyouaresayingifthelistenerdoesnotunderstand.

_,.Example:

A:Howmuchdoyouearn?

B:Sorry?

A.What'syoursalary?B.Oh,it's...

_{C:Whydidtheysackyou?}

o·Ibegyourpardon?

C:Whydidtheydismissyou?

_{D:Itwasbecauseof...}

C.PractisesimilardialogueswithapartnerusingphrasesfromA.

Ex.14WorkInsmallgroups.Askyourpartnersthesequestions.

-WhatdoyoudoIplantodoforaliving?

-Whatdotheothermembersofyourfamilydoforaliving?

-Ifyoucouldchooseanyjobmtheworld,whatwould1tbe?Why?

Classcommunication

Task1

SpeakaboutthecareersofyourparentsIfriendsIrelatives.Didtheyeverchangetheirjobs?D1dtheygetpromotion?Aretheyhappywiththe1rjobs?

Task2

Speakaboutacareeryouintendtofollow.

CjJWHOISTHEBOSS?FocusVocabulary

ho.u

c.:JwirmcmIchaitper.wn

chan('t!llorchief

headnwsterheadmistressmanagerpresidenl

13

tfrreclor

!.'.('(ttfil"('

_/i('(l(/

principalsubordinate

(1V"'Note:IntheUnrtedKingdomChancelloristhepersonwhoofficiallyrepresentsauniversityonspecialoccasions;Vice-chancelloristhepersonwhoisinchargeofauni­versity

Compare:IntheUSAChancelloristhepersonwhoisinchargeofanAmericanumver­

sity;Vice-chancellorisnextinranktotheChancellorofauniversity.

	BrE	AmE
School	HeadmasterIHeadmistress Headteacher	Principal
College	Principal	Principal
University	Princpial/Vlce·chancellor	ChancellorIPresident

Wordmeaning

Ex.1Sayinonewordusingthefocusvocabulary.

aamaster.apersonwhocontrolsorgivesorderstoothers

h.amemberofagroupwhomanagetheaffairsofabusinesscompany

<.:.apersonchargedwithadministrativeworkdthechiefofficerofacorporation,companycapersonpresidingatameeting

^{f.apersonwhocontrolsabusiness,ahotel,etc.}

g..someoneinthepositionofcommand

h't1tleofheadsofcollegesorschoolsinAmerca

1.apersonhighestinauthority,theheadorleader

.1·juniorinrankorposition

pnncipalteacherofaBritishschool

Worduse

_{Ex.2Completeeachsentencebyusingawordfromthebox.}

managerdirector

boss

subordinateheadmaster

head

14

a Imustftrstconsultmy aboutit.

bThe ofthedepartmentisanexoeriencedengtneer.

c The ofthecollege.sbusyatthemoment.Couldyouwait.please.dThesales recommendedmeforpromotion.

e I'veknownhtmasmy forsixyears

f The ofphotographywasawaroedanOscar

g.Theteachersenthertothe asherworkwassobad.