Vocabulary Practice

6. A. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word(s) from the list below in a correct form. There is one extra word which you don’t need to use.

impunity unanimously, to spearhead, pervasiveness, encroachment, to lure, shareholder, endemic, diminution, ultimately

1. “We need strong and sustained political commitment from all countries where malaria is ..............., and from the global health community, to see this fight through to the end,” says Dr Robert Newman, Director of Global Malaria Programme. (belonging or native to a particular people or country, common in a particular area or field)

2.  Some ............... of Minnesota’s most well-known companies call for disclosure of political giving because enterprises make contributions to controversial candidates and it can hurt the company’s reputation. (one that holds or owns a share in property or company)

3. Frustrated by expensive and slow shipping abroad and wanting more control over the manufacturing process, companies ............... U.S. production back to the United States. (to persuade smbd to do something by offering some pleasure or gain, attract actively and strongly)

4.  The House of Representatives ............... opposed more United Nations control over the Internet, wanting to keep the Internet free from government control and prevent the U.N. unprecedented power over Web content and infrastructure. (being of one mind, acting in agreement with everyone)

5. Effectively implemented, humanitarian diplomacy can persuade governments, organisations, business groups, community leadership and public to act differently and ............... to change in some way approach to further sustainable development agenda. (in the end, eventually)

6. During its 2001 legislative session, the US Congress devoted a great deal of time and focus to the topic of ..............., defined as the real or perceived conflict between the military training mission and the physical environment of habitat, species, people and communities. (an action of siezing and taking over the place)

7. Among the main achievements has been the U.S. support for and participation in the emerging multilateral frameworks of international justice and the global campaign against ............... for war crimes and crimes against humanity. (a release or freedom from punishment, harm)

8. Enhanced media power due to technological advances is a potent new tool of diplomacy that is why its immediacy and ............... raise major challenges for political leaders intent on shaping the conduct of foreign policy. (an ability to spread through every part of smth)

9. The death of the ideology of Marxism Leninism means the growing “common marketization” of international relations, and the ............... of the likelihood of large - scale conflict between states. (a reduction in size, importane, or intensity)

b. Match the words in columns A and B to form word combinations from the text and give their Russian equivalents. Then make up your own sentences as in the example.

A	B
1 . mounting	a. commodities
2. priceless	b. entity
3. to eliminate	c. authority
4. an economic	d. a unique stature
5. to acquire	e. the entire spectrum
6. to span	f. preference
7. unchallenged	g. pressure
8. value-laden	h. jobs

Under mounting pressure from UN and international aid agencies, Israel temporarily opens the border crossings at Karni and Kerem Shalom to allow food, fuel, and medical supplies to enter.

c. Find the odd word out.

1. wordily succinctly verbosely talkatively

2. concurrently simultaneously concomitantly asynchronously 

3. to substitute to supplant to establish to supersede

4. incentive impetus incitement deterrent

5. stably precariously uncertainly doubtfully

d. Fill in the gaps in the following text with the suitable words and phrases from the box in their correct form.

to the detriment of, drastically, part and parcel, to benefit its bottom line, to move in line, under scrutiny, law suits, to bear at its core, immense implications, cornerstone, to place a certain degree of limitation

With the issues of nuclear disarmament and nuclear power .................. around the world, it has become axiomatic among Middle East watchers, nonproliferation experts, Israel's national security establishment, and a wide array of U.S. government officials that Iranian proliferation is held ..................... our national security and will lead to a nuclear arms race in the Middle East.  

Iran and six major powers – the permanent members of the UN Security Council and Germany (the P5+1) – will hold another meeting the .................. of which is to “look further at how existing gaps in positions could be narrowed and how the process could be moved forward.” While one may have .................... that the narrowed focus of these talks will somehow produce a .................. different result than the previous sets of both substantive and technical negotiations, experience demonstrates that such negotiations benefit Iran alone and are ............. of a comprehensive Iranian strategy, which ..................... 3D strategy of denial, deception and delay. Simply put, the whole will ........................ with an Iranian strategy of using negotiations as a means for advancing uranium enrichment and the nuclear weaponization program itself.

While the comprehensive economic sanctions authorized by UN Security Council resolutions ..................... , the Iranian government is already finding ways to circumvent some .................. and .................. by forging strong trading relationships with countries not in the pro-Western camp.

e. Match the two parts of the sentences and fill in a necessary preposition. The example is given. Make up your own sentences with the italicized expressions.

1. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is vested 2. According to dependency theory, even as developing countries make economic advances, they remain weak and subservient 3. A neoliberal institutionalist approach suggests that states adhere 4. Why is it that the U.S., Britain and Japan, despite their huge debts and other economic problems, have not succumbed 5. Although the UN has created expert treaty bodies to assess compliance  6. The power of municipal governments to enact ordinances is derived

A. … the financial crises that are threatening national bankruptcy for Greece, Spain and Italy – and perhaps soon for France? B. ... the state constitution or statutes or through the legislative grant of a municipal charter. C. ... core nations and corporations in an increasingly integrated global economy. D. ... international norms when they help resolve functional coordination problems with other states. E. ... the treaties, the key to successful monitoring has been the contribution of non-governmental organizations. F. ... the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under under a free electoral system.

Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.

f. Explain the highlighted words and phrases in the text in your own words.

Discussion