- •Lexicology
- •1. Lexicology as a science
- •2. Problems of Lexicology Modern English Lexicology studies the problems of:
- •Practical Importance
- •3. Semasiology
- •1. Word meaning.
- •2. Types of meaning.
- •3. Meaning and motivation.
- •The structure of lexical meaning. Polysemy
- •Semantic structure
- •Motivation
- •Patterns of meaning derivation
- •Other sematic relations of words
- •Homonymy
- •Synonyms
- •Antonyms
- •English vocabulary as a system and semantic rules
- •9. Types of semantic relations.
- •Inclusion. Hyponymic structures.
- •10. Semantic classification of words. Synonymy.
- •Classification:
- •11. Lexical and Terminological Sets, Lexico-Semantic Groups and Semantic fields.
- •12. Antonymy. Classification of antonyms.
- •14. Morphemes. Classification of morphemes. Types of meaning in morphemes. Types of word-segmentability.
- •Types of meaning in morphemes Word-formation
- •1. Various types and ways of forming words
- •2 Principal types of word-formation
- •1) Vowel - interchange (ablaut)
- •2) Consonant – interchange
- •2. Affixation
- •Suffixation.
- •Classification:
- •1) Neutral
- •2) With a certain stylistic value:
- •Prefixation
- •Classification:
- •Social Variation of the English Language
- •Gender Issues
Gender Issues
Some of the most important linguistic changes affecting English since the 1960s have arisen from the way society has come to look differently at the practices and consequences of sexism (discrimination against one sex). There is now widespread awareness of the way in which language displays (directly or indirectly) social attitudes towards men and women. The criticisms have been mainly directed at the basis built into English vocabulary and grammar which reflect a traditionally male-oriented view of the world that reinforces the low status of women in society. Thus, gender issues have become part and parcel of the problem of political correctness.
In vocabulary, attention has been focused on the replacement of “male” words with a genetic meaning by neutral items.
Ex: chairman – chairperson, salesman – sales assistant.
In certain cases, such as job descriptions, the use of sexually neutral language has become a legal requirement.
The vocabulary of marital status has also been affected – notably in the introduction of Ms as a neutral alternative to Miss or Mrs.