Xerophytes.

32. Organisms with a constant temperature not depending on environment temperature are homeothermics.

33. Organisms with a body temperature depending on environment temperature are poikilotehermics.

34. A bird, such as a magpie, that inhabits different regions of Eurasia, North America and North Africa refers to the follow ecological group:

35. Biosphere is

all the life-supporting regions (ecosystems) on the Earth and all the interactions that occur among organisms and between organisms and the environment.

Biosphere – an area of the earth where life exists.

36. The concept of living component of biosphere was proposed by

Suess.

37. Evolution stage of biosphere transformed by people activity and changed by their scientific consciousness is

Noosphere.

38. The exchange pool for carbon in a carbon cycle is:

Atmosphere

39. An example of a reservoir for phosphorus would be:

Certain rocks

40. Natural environment that is weakly changed by human is

first nature.

41. Environment created by people is

third nature.

42. Social environment includes

people relationships, psychological climate, health services, cultural values, standard of life.

43. Ecological crisis includes all EXCEPT:

44. Type of biotic relationship when bacteria live and carry out fermentation in the stomach and the intestine of cattle is.

Symbiosys

45. Symbiosis is the close association between different species in the system

Example of this tree-mushroom.

46. A rodent that eats most of the seeds of a dessert shrub would be best described as

primary consumer or heterotroph.

47. The base of the food chain in marine system is composed of

nitrates, zooplankton and benthos.

48. Most of the energy that enters a trophic level: Spended to breath(Neizvestno. GGG)

49. Detritus is

mass of dead organic matter.

50. Sunlight falling on the green plant primarily

photosynthesis.

51. Lions and tigers are on the same trophic level because they

Carnivores or competitors.

52. Consumers, such as vulture, that feed on organisms that have recently died are

scavengers.

53. The main characteristic of energy pyramids of any ecosystem is that energy pyramids

are never inverted.

54. If you measure the biomass of an ecosystem, you are measuring

dry weight of the organisms.

55. By eating higher up on the trophic level in an ecological pyramid, humans

omnivores.

56. The combustion of fossil fuel has increased atmospheric levels of

CO2.

57. The obvious effect caused by the global warming is

Increasing of level of the water.

58. The ways of greenhouse effect reduction are

alternative energy use.

59. All of these are fossil fuels EXCEPT:

Oil, coal, etc

60. Energy sources, such as solar energy and geothermal energy may help to reduce consumption of fossil fuel.

61. The following compounds generally destroy ozone layer

release of CFC and jet travel in the stratosphere.

62. The main reason of ozone destruction is

CFCs.

63. Acid rain is

rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic.

64. To solve the problem of acid rain it should be done

improving industrial processes., assessing their transport policy and, wherever possible, not using motor vehicles.

65. Industries can contribute to pollution from waste if:

66. Hazardous waste DOES NOT include:

Hazardous waste –acidic resins, arsenic, heavy metals, organic solvents, pesticides and radioactive materials.

67. Organic material that cannot be decomposed by bacteria is called:

Nonbiodegradable pollutants

68. Teratogens are factors that can cause

abnormalities during embryonic growth and development.

69. Chemical substances that specifically control the population growth of undesirable plants are called

Herbicides.

70. Mutagens are factors that can cause

altering genetic material (DNA) in cells.

71. Factors that cause uncontrolled cell division resulting tumor are

Carcinogens

72. Carcinogens are factors that can cause

cancer

73. Carbon monoxide restricts the oxygen supply of the body by:

Hemoglobin

74. Wetlands are

ecosystem in which the soil is saturated with water part of the year, such as marsh or bog.

75. Habitats of waterfowl

are marsh or bog.

76. The cause of habitat damage and destruction

is pollution of water.

77. Habitat destruction is the main cause of

species extinction.

78. Industries can decrease their impact on habitats if they:

79. Biological diversity does NOT include:

80. Species diversity is higher

in tropics.

81. The number of the world described species is

1.7 mln.

82. The number of the world endangered plants (flowering) species is

25.000 species of plants.

83. The number of the world endangered animals (vertebrates) species is

6.000 species of animals.

84. Boreal forests refer to:

Taiga

85. The percent of the earth surface covered by water versus to land is

70%.

86. The average renewal rate of lakes is

17 years.

87. The average renewal rate of underground waters is

1400 years.

88. Eutrophic lakes are

rich in organic matter and vegetation, making the waters relatively murky.

89. Oligotrophic lakes are

contain little organic matter.

90. Biological needs of water by a person per day are

2-5 liters.

91. Real consumption of water by a person per day is

1500-2000 L/day.

92. Domestic use of water includes

Cooking and cleaning

93. Industrial use of water includes

otvet doljen byt’ so slovom PAPER

94. Industries contribute to water pollution if they:

95. The main air pollutants in Kazakhstan are

ammonia, dust, phenols, formaldehyde, lead.

96. The water level of Aral Sea from 1960s to 2000 year fell to

12-14 meters and 16-18 meters.

97. The salt concentration of Aral Sea water in 1960s to 2000 year increased

to 3-5 times.

98. The surface area of Aral Sea from 1960s to 2000 year decreased to

50-75 %

99. A special protected territory that is partially permitted for an economical activity is

zapovednik.

100. Ex-situ conservation of species means protection of components of biodiversity

outside their habitats (Botanical gardens, nursery gardens, seeds storehouses).

101. In-situ conservation of species means protection of components of biodiversity

National parks, reserves, refuges, zapovedniks.

102. The numbers of national parks and reserves in Kazakhstan are

10 and 10.

103. Which of the following will result in the decrease of the population size:

104. Survival rate is a number of individuals survived over specific period of time.

105. In his essay on population Thomas Malthus argued that human population would double every 25 years if

natural resources were unlimited.

106. The biotic potential of a population existing in nature is

the maximum rate at which a population could increase under ideal conditions – an environment with unlimited resources. The biotic potential is rarely achieved by population in natural environment.

107. The maximum number of individuals in a population located in a stable environment tends to:

Carrying capacity

108. In the year 1650 the human population