Norman England. French borrowings.

The Anglo-Normans were mainly the descendants of the Normans.A small number of Normans were already settled in England prior to the conquest.

The Norman conquest of England began on 28 September 1066 with the invasion of the Kingdom of England by the troops of William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy (in Northern France adjacent to the English Channel) and their victory at the Battle of Hastings (on the other side of the Channel in Southeast England) on 14 October 1066 over King Harold II of England. Harold's army had been badly depleted in the English victory at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in Northern England on 25 September 1066 over the army of King Harald III of Norway. By early 1071, William had secured control of most of England, although rebellions and resistance continued to approximately 1088.

The Norman conquest was a pivotal event in English history. It largely removed the native ruling class, replacing it with a foreign, French-speaking monarchy, aristocracy, and clerical hierarchy. This, in turn, brought about a transformation of the English language and the culture of England in a new era often referred to as Norman England.

By bringing England under the control of rulers originating in France, the Norman conquest linked the country more closely with continental Europe, lessened Scandinavian influence, and also set the stage for a rivalry with France that would continue intermittently for many centuries. It also had important consequences for the rest of the British Isles, paving the way for further Norman conquests in Wales and Ireland, and the extensive penetration of the aristocracy of Scotland by Norman and other French-speaking families, with the accompanying spread of continental institutions and cultural influences.

In the 11th century, the Norman French invaded not only the country of England, but its language. Some of the borrowings led to doublets, like pig and pork, cow and beef, and sheep and mutton, where the Anglo-Saxon animal name came to co-exist with a French word for the meat from the animal.

When William the Conqueror became king of England, French took over as the language of the court, administration, and culture - and stayed there for 300 years. after only 70 or 80 years existing side-by-side with French, Old English segued into Middle English.During the Norman occupation, about 10,000 French words were adopted into English, some three-fourths of which are still in use today.

ronunciation

English pronunciation owes a lot to French as well. Whereas Old English had the unvoiced fricative sounds [f], [s], [?] (as in thin), and [?] (shin), French influence helped to distinguish their voiced counterparts [v], [z], [?] (the), and [?] (mirage), and also contributed the diphthong [?y] (boy).

English has retained the noun + adjective word order typical in French.

сначала был уильям, потом генри 2, потом стефан,его кузина матильда пыталась завоевать трон, но была изгнана из лондона. потом генри 2

a la mode "in fashion, style"