- •Contents
- •Foreword
- •Part I stylistics as a branch of lingustics. The subject of stylistics
- •1.1. Stylistics and its subject
- •1.2. Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •Part II stylisctic classification of the english vocabulary
- •1. The literary layer falls into the following groups:
- •2. The neutral layer, universal, unrestricted in its use, the most stable.
- •3. The colloquial layer falls into the following groups:
- •2.2. Neutral, Common literary and common colloquial vocabulary
- •2.3. Literary stratum of words. Special literary vocabulary
- •2.3.1. Terms
- •2.3.2. Poetic words
- •2.3.3. Archaic words
- •2.3.4. Literary coinages (including nonce-words)
- •2.3.5. Barbarisms and Foreign Words
- •6. Terms
- •Part III stylistic classification of the english vocalbulary Colloquial stratum of words. Special colloquial vocabulary
- •3.1 Slang
- •3.2. Jargonisms
- •3.3. Professionalisms
- •3.4. Dialectal words
- •3.5. Vulgar words or vulgarisms
- •3.6. Colloquial coinages (nonce words)
- •Part IV functional styles of the english language
- •4.1. The notion of Style
- •5. The style of official documents:
- •4.2. Bookish Style
- •4.2.3. Scientific prose style
- •4.2.4. The style of official documents
- •4.2.5. The publicistic style
- •4.2.6. The newspaper style
- •4.2.7. Belles-lettres style
- •4.3. Colloquial (casual) style
- •7) Hyperbole;
- •Further reading
- •Part V types of meaning
- •5.1. Logical meaning
- •5.2. Emotive meaning
- •5.3. Nominal meaning
- •Part VI lexical expressive means and stylistic devices sd based on the interaction of different meanings of a word
- •6.1. Sd based on the interaction between two logical meanings of a word. Metaphor. Personification. Metonymy. Irony
- •6.1.1. Metaphor
- •6.1.2. Personification
- •6.1.3. Metonymy
- •6.1.4. Irony
- •6.2. Sd based on interaction between the logical and nominal meanings. Antomasia
- •6.3.1. Epithet
- •6.3.2. Hyperbole
- •6.3.3. Oxymoron
- •6.4. Stylistic devices based on the interaction between primary and derivative logical meaning of a word (or between the meanings of two homonyms)
- •Part VII lexico-syntactical stylistic devices
- •Part VIII syntactical expressive means and sd
- •Inversion
- •Interaction of Syntactical Structures
- •Part IX phonetic expressive means and stylistic devices
- •I. Language variation
- •1. The English language today
- •2. Types of variation
- •2.1. Regional variation
- •2.2. Social Variation
- •2.3. Personal variation
- •2.4. Stylistic variation
- •Part XI text as the object of linguistic analysis in stylistics
- •22. Oxymoron
- •Questions for revision
- •Exam questions
- •46. The publicistic style.
- •47. The newspaper style.
- •48. Scientific prose style.
- •Glossary
- •Reference books
3.2. Jargonisms
Jargon is a recognized term for a group of words that exists in almost every language and whose aim is to preserve secrecy within one or another social group.
1. They are the words and word-combinations created by different social classes and groups for use in their particular circle. The main feature of jargon words is their secret character.
2. Jargonisms are generally old words with entirely new meanings imposed on them.
So, there are two subgroups of jargonisms. The difference lies in the character and causes of limitation of spheres op usage: professional jargonisms, which circulate within communities joined by professional interests and are emotive synonyms to terms, and social jargonisms are to be found within groups characterized by social integrity, they are emotive synonyms to neutral words of the general word-stock and purposefully conceal or disguise the meaning of the expressed concept. The traditional meaning of the word is immaterial, only the new, improvised meaning is of importance. Ex.: Loaf (head), big gun (important person), cut throat (a surgeon).
Most of jargonisms are absolutely incomprehensible to those outside the special group which has invented them. Jargonisms are social in character. They are not regional. The jargons well known in the English language are: the jargon of thieves, jazz people, the army (military slang), sportsmen and many others.
Slang unlike jargon, needs no translation, it is not a secret code. Jargonisms are emotive synonyms to neutral words. Jargonisms do not always remain within a given social group. Some of them penetrate into other social groups and sometimes become recognized in the literary language, e.g.: ban, kid, etc.
Jargonisms are used in emotive prose as expressive means to depict the natural speech of a character belonging to some social group. Jargonisms are sometimes used with the special stylistic function - to imbue a word with a new figurative meaning and also to give a fresh emotive touch to the utterance.
3.3. Professionalisms
They are words connected with the business activity of people having the same profession or occupation and are used in the sphere of oral intercourse. Thus professionalisms may be regarded as colloquial synonyms of terms, their emotive synonyms. They name anew already existing concepts, tools or instruments. Professional words are special words in the non-literary layer of the English vocabulary, whereas terms belong to the literary layer of words.
Professionalisms, like terms, do not allow any polysemy, they are monosemantic: tin-fish (submarine); picture show (battle, action), outer (a knock out blow); piper (a specialist who decorates pastry with the use of a cream-pipe); exam, maths, ec (economics), prof, etc. - in students' jargon.
Professionalisms should not be confused with jargon. Like slang words, they do not aim at secrecy, but jargonisms do. Many linguists, though, use the term "professional jargonisms". Professionalisms are used in emotive prose to depict the natural speech of a character.