Initial position. 46°53'-7n, 37°27'-4e in the vicinity of Nos 1 and 2 Light-buoys.

Ugol'naya Havan' Approach Channel Leading Lights: Front light (white square on black framework structure, 28 m in height) (47°03'-3N, 37°30'-4E). Middle light (white square tower on white fronted 2-storcy building, 22 m in height) (0-92 miles from front light).

Rear light (black metal framework tower, 21 m in height) (1-55 miles from front light).

The alignment (012 ¼ °) of these lights leads NNE for about 9 miles from Nos 1 and 2 Buoys to Ugol'naya Havan' through a dredged channel, 100 m wide, dredged to 8 6m (2001), which is marked by pairs of light-buoys and buoys (port and starboard hand).

Caution. If a ship deviates slightly to the W of the leading line, the elevator (8.122) will obscure either the middle or rear light, depending on the ship's position. The light-structures of this leading line are not easy to identify by day.

Port Azovstal' approach channel 8.124

Initial position. 47°01'-4n, 37°29'-8e in the vicinity of light-buoys Nos 15 and 17 (starboard hand).

Port Azovstal' Approach Channel Leading Lights:

Front light (white rectangle on framework tower, 22 m in height) (47°05'-lN, 37°35'-2E).

Middle light (white rectangle on metal framework tower, 37 m in height) (0-84 miles from front light).

Rear light (similar structure to middle light, 34 m in height) (1-7 miles from front light).

The alignment (044°) of these lights, visible on the leading line only, leads NE for about 5 miles through a channel dredged to 4-6 m (2002), marked by pairs of light-buoys and buoys (port and starboard hand), where it divides for the final approaches to Port Azovstal' and Havan' Shmidta. It was reported (1994) that navigation in the approach channel during the hours of darkness is not recommended.

Final approaches to Port Azovstal' and Havan' Shmidta

8.125

Port Azovstal'. A fairway, 100 m in width and marked by buoys and light-buoys (port and starboard hand) leads to the main basin of this port.

Havan' Shmidta. From a position 4 cables SW of Port Azovstal' Front Leading Light (8.124) the track leads NNW, through a channel 70 m wide, to the entrance to Richka Kal'mius and Havan' Shmidta.

Approach to Avanport, Port Mariupol' 8.126

Avanport Leading Lights:

Front light (white circle on metal framework tower, 19 m in height) (47°03'-8N, 37°30'-8E).

Rear light (square tower on white brick building, 13 m in height) (700 m from front light). From the vicinity of a buoy (safe water) (46°59'N, 37°35'E) the alignment (331 ½ ⁰) of these lights, visible on the leading line only, leads NNW for about 5 miles, along Recommended route No 32, across the coastal bank and Port Azovstal' approach channel (close NE of Nos 5 and 6 Light-buoys) to the entrance of Avanport.

(Directions for Yeysk are given at 8.192)

Berths

Anchorages 8.127

Anchorage areas Nos 457 and 458 (8.115).

Alongside berths 8.128

Port Mariupol'. The position of berths Nos 1 to 17 are shown on the plan of Port Mariupol'. There are depths alongside of up to 8-8 m.

Port Azovstal'. Berths Nos 1 to 5, with depths alongside of between 3-5 m and 5-5 m, are situated on the NE side of the basin. A stranded wreck lies off No 5 berth.

Havan' Shmidta. Berths Nos 1 to 9 lie on the W bank of Richka Kal'mius.

Port services

Repairs 8.129

Repairs of all kinds can be carried out for vessels of up to 9000 dwt. Docking facilities arc reported to be available.

Supplies 8.131

Fuel alongside or by barge; fresh water alongside or by barge; provisions.

Caution. During the winter season due to the risk of becoming ice-bound, the harbour authorities request departing vessels have at least ten days supplies of bunkers, fresh water and provisions.

Ex.1. General understanding:

1. What is the topography of Berdyans´kaya Kosa?

2. What are the principal marks?

3. Is the pilotage compulsory in Berdyansk?

4. Where does the pilot board if the vessel of 6 m draught?

5. When do they use 2 tugs when berthing?

6. May vessel navigate in the entrance channel when visibility is less than 5 cables?

7. What port services do you know?

8. What is the maximum fall water level?

9. What are the final approaches to the Port Azovstal and Havan Shmidta?

Ex.2. Find in the text the following words and expressions, translate them into Russian and use in the sentences of your own.

In the vicinity of; the roadstead; recommended route; the entrance channel; breakwater and mole; white diamond over square; to be marked by pair of light buoys; port and starboard hand; plenty of cable should be paid out; Bilosarayskay Kosa is similar in formation to Berdyanskaya Kosa; radar reflector have been erected on 3 metal structures; the outer extremity of Dolgaya Kosa; two-way traffic; 2-storey building.

Ex. 3. Translate from Russian into English

1. Почти на всех косах и на многих мысах установлены маяки или светящие знаки.

2. Каналы, ведущие в порты, ограждаются вехами, светящими и несветящими буями.

3. Порт Бердянск, расположенный в северо-восточной части Бердянского залива, состоит из внешнего рейда и гавани Бердянск, где расположены основные причальные сооружения, защищен волноломом.

4. В гавань ведут подходный канал и фарватер №54.

5. Вход в гавань находится между северо-западной оконечностью волнолома и отмелью с глубинами менее 5 м.

6. Малые суда могут заходить в гавань, огибая волнолом с востока.

7. Подход к порту Бердянск и плавание по его акватории обеспечивается береговыми и плавучими средствами навигационного оборудования.

8. В условиях ограниченной видимости огибать эту мель следует на определенном расстоянии.

9. При подходе к косе глубины будут изменяться неравномерно.

Text 4. BLACK SEA AND SEA OF AZOV PILOT

NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS COUNTRIES AND PORTS NATURAL CONDITIONS

NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS

LIMITS OF THE BOOK

Area covered

1.1

This volume contains Sailing Directions for the Black Sea, Sea of Azov (8.1) and Marmara Denizi (Sea of Marmara) (2.1) within a line joining Kumkale Burnu (40°01'N, 26°12'E) and Mehmetcik Burnu (40°03'N, 26° ICE).

This area includes the Straits of Dardanelles (2.14) and Istanbul Bosporus (2.366). 1.2

Countries. The shores of the area covered by this volume form part of the territories of six nations. Turkey in Marmara Denizi and along the S coast of the Black Sea, Bulgaria and Romania along the W coast, Ukraine along the N coast, Russian Federation along the NE coast and Georgia along the E coast.

NAVIGATIONAL DANGERS AND HAZARDS

General considerations

Coastal and offshore waters 1.3

In general, the coastal and offshore waters of the area covered by this book are remarkably free of dangers and hazards. The few that do exist are most likely to be met in the NW Black Sea and Sea of Azov and are described in Chapters 6 and 8 respectively.

Former mine danger areas 1.5

In the former mine danger areas, which are open to navigation, anchoring outside the appointed areas is not recommended.

When fishing in these areas it is necessary to recognize the possibility of mines and other explosive substances being present on the seabed.

See 5.17.

TRAFFIC AND OPERATIONS

Traffic

Density 1.6

The greatest concentration of shipping is liable to be found in the restricted waters of Canakkale Bogazi and Istanbul Bogazi and in the traffic separation schemes that are situated in the approaches to the major ports.

There are also liable to be above average concentrations of traffic along the recommended routes which have been established between Russian ports in the N part of the Black Sea and in Sea of Azov.

High speed craft 1.7

High speed craft operate in areas covered by this volume. Mariners are advised to maintain a good lookout. Some high speed craft may generate large waves, which can have a serious impact on small craft and their moorings close to the shoreline and on shallow off-lying banks. For further details see Annual Notice to Mariners No 23.

Fishing

Sturgeon and mackerel are caught in large numbers in the NW part of the Black Sea; herring are found chiefly in Kerch Strait and off the mouth of the River Danube and Rika Dnipro; anchovy is caught in large quantities along the coast of Kryms'kyy Pivostriv; and the flounder is found nearly all over the Black Sea.

Exercise areas

Turkish 1.9

Submarine. The general position of Turkish submarine exercise areas is shown on the charts. Submarines exercise frequently in these areas and a good lookout is to be kept for them when passing through these waters. See the Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

Other areas. Other military exercise and firing areas are situated in Turkish waters. The limits of these areas are shown on Turkish charts. Notice of exercises and firing practices, giving the limits of the area and duration of the exercise, is promulgated by radio navigational warning. See 1.25.

Bulgaria, Russia and Georgia 1.10

PRESENCE OF SUBMARINES

Russia 1.11

Russian Federation submarines carry their navigation lights in special positions as follows:

One steaming light on the upper part of the front edge of the fin.

Side lights on the relevant side of the fin in its central part.

One or two stern lights. When one light is displayed it will be carried on the stern or on the rear edge of the vertical stabiliser. When two lights are carried they are situated on the rear part of the fin.

Anchor lights are placed on the bow section and on the stern or vertical stabiliser. On submarines with a high stabiliser the stern anchor light may be replaced by two lights set on the sides of the stabiliser which together are visible over 360°. NUC and other all-round visibility lights may be raised on a mast, not less than 2-5 m in height, on the fin.

Manoeuvring lights are not carried.

When in areas of heavy traffic submarines on the surface may also exhibit either one or two orange quick flashing lights. See also The Mariner's Handbook and Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

For submarine warning signals see 1.60; for distress signals see 1.61.

Special areas

Russian regulated areas 1.12

Russian regulated areas include all areas where navigation, fishing and anchoring are prohibited or restricted. Such areas are normally charted and mentioned in Sailing Directions.

Some prohibited areas are designated by the Russian authorities as being temporarily prohibited for navigation, however, as these restrictions are for an indefinite period, they are treated in the same way as permanently prohibited areas.

Other regulated areas consist of areas declared periodically dangerous for navigation. These areas which include various firing danger and exercise areas lie partly or wholly outside Russian territorial waters. Some of these areas are charted. See also Appendix II.

Responsibility for violation of the limits of the regulated areas rest with the Master of the ship involved; ignorance of the limits will not serve as a basis to avoid responsibility.

CHARTS AND PUBLICATIONS

Charts

Admiralty charts 1.13

Coverage. British Admiralty charts provide full coverage of the Black Sea and Marmara Denizi, including plans of the principal Turkish, Bulgarian, Romanian, Ukrainian and Georgian ports. There are also plans of the main Russian ports that are open to international trade (1.44).

Sources. British Admiralty metric charts are based on the most recent charts issued by the Turkish, Bulgarian, Romanian, Russian and Ukrainian authorities.

Foreign charts 1.14

Turkish charts provide full coverage of the area covered by this book and detailed coverage of the anchorages and harbours in Marmara Denizi and along the N Turkish coast.

Russian charts providing coverage of Russian coastal waters and ports are available.

Bulgarian charts of Bulgarian coastal waters and ports are available.

Romanian charts providing coverage of Romanian coastal waters and ports are available.

Ukrainian charts providing coverage of Ukrainian coastal waters and ports are available. 1.15

1.16

In certain areas where the British Admiralty charts show insufficient detail for navigation close inshore, these Sailing Directions have been written using foreign charts. These are not quoted as reference charts in the text, which has been written on the assumption that mariners wishing to navigate in these areas will have provided themselves with suitable charts on which to do so.

Foreign charts may be obtained from the publishing authorities shown above. These charts are not issued by the UKHO, nor are they amended by Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

Datums 1.17

Vertical. Depths and heights on the majority of British Admiralty charts are reduced to MSL. The datum used is normally shown on the chart.

Horizontal. All metric British Admiralty charts are based on the same horizontal datum as the National charts from which they are derived.

NAVIGATIONAL AIDS

Buoys

Implementation of IALA Maritime Buoyage System Region A (red to port) is substantially complete in Marmara Dcnizi, Black Sea and Sea of Azov. For further details see The Mariners Handbook.

For details of buoyage system used in the Maritime Danube, see 5.10.

Caution. In areas where sea ice forms during the winter months, navigational buoys may be lifted.

It has been reported that all navigational aids in Georgian waters may be unreliable and that navigational aids in Georgian and Ukrainian waters may be different from those charted and described in nautical publications. Mariners should exercise extreme caution in the identification of navigational aids.

PILOTAGE

General 1.19

In general, pilotage is compulsory for all non-Turkish vessels, other than yachts, entering port in Turkey.

Pilotage is also compulsory for all vessels entering Russian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Georgian and Romanian ports.