Mixed Economy

1. There are three types of management in economies. An economy maybe almost totally planned, as it was in the Soviet Union. An economy may be almost totally unplanned, as it is in the USA. Or an economy may be a combination of planning and freedom of operation. Examples of the latter are Japan and South Korea.

2. In a planned economy the government decides what goods are to be produced and how they are to be marketed. Governments set all the priorities, and the producers are to follow the directions given to

them.

3. In a partially planned economy such as Japan's, the government often encourages industry and helps it with subsidies. Government also makes investments and regulates trade.

4. The United States is an example of an unplanned economy. But it has a lot of government intervention in economic activity. As the economy of the United States grew, and as government and its importance increased, the government policy at every level acquired greater importance for the economy.

5. But the economy of the United States may be called unplanned because the government does not regulate what will be produced and how it will be marketed. These decisions are left to the producers. Even the great amount of government regulation that has emerged since the Great Depression has not turned the economy of the United States into a planned economy.

6. The name of the American economic system is capitalism. Another name for it is the free market economy.

ВправаVII. Прочитайте 5 абзац тексту і дайте письмову відповідь на запитання:

Why is the American economy called unplanned?

ІІІ ВАРІАНТ

Вправа І. Перепишіть наступні речення, підкресліть Participle I та Participle II, визначте їх функції. Перекладіть речення на українську мову:

1. Exports are goods and services sold to other countries.

2. Imposing some restrictions on food prices, governments make it possible for all people to buy enough food.

3. Being packed in strong cases, the goods arrived in good condition.

4. They offered us a discount for the remaining goods.

Вправа II. Вставте в речення необхідне модальне дієслово, перекладіть на українську мову:

1. Our plan ... to be carried out by the end of the month.

2. ... I use your phone?

3. This information is highly confidential, so you ... not discuss it with anyone.

4. The bus ... to start off in ten minutes.

5. She secretary ... have warned them of the meeting yesterday.

Вправа III. Перекладіть наступні речення, пам'ятаючи про різні значення дієслів to be, to have, to do, та визначте їх функції в реченнях;

1. The volume of exports is not going tc rise this year.

2. No other person can do it as well as you can.

3. Before making any conclusions you should look through this balance sheet.

4. Her knowledge of English does her credit.

Вправа IV. Перепишіть речення з герундієм, визначте його функцію та перекладіть речення на українську мову:

1. І hate receiving anonymous calls.

2. Some members of the Parliament in Russia insist on imposing control over the Central Bank's monetary policy.

3. The stockholders suspect the company of having a lot of debts.

4. Our manager offered new economical methods of transporting fruit and vegetables.

Вправа V. Прочитайте текст. Перепишіть і письмово перекладіть

на українську мову 1, 2, 4 абзаци тексту.