1.1.4 Find the proper Russian words with the same roots as the following English words

tunnel, canal, damb, construction, industrial, hospital, museum, person, profession, initiative, modern, electricity, central, project, constructor, plan, specification, practical, portion, philosophy, client, material, combine, economics, aesthetics.

1.1.5 Choose the proper English word

1. приобретать a) to determine; b) to obtain; c) to provide

2. наблюдать a) to supervise; b) to reduce; c) to change

3. изменять a) to sacrifice; b) to revise; c) to practice

4. житель a) value; b) portion; c) occupant

5. опыт a) purpose; b) aim; c) experience

6. привлекать a) to attract; b) to modify; c) carry out

7. требование a) design; b) cost; c) requirement

8. цель a) goal; b) effort; c) item

9. благородный a) civil; b) honorable; c) residential

10. крупномасштабный a) essential; b) reasonable; c) large scale

6. Find the English equivalents of the following Russian words

А. знать что-либо; взгляд; служить; обеспечивать; привлекать; заниматься чем-либо; выполнять; цель; опыт; снижать; попытка

В. experience; to attract; aim; to carry out; to serve; to reduce; to be familiar with something; judgment; to provide; to be engaged in something; effort

1.1.7 Form all possible word-combinations

A. industrial B. work

scientific building

modern elements

large aim

essential value

serious profession

residential requirement

honorable attitude

fundamental scale

1.1.8 Read the following word - combinations and translate them into Russian

housing construction; residential and industrial buildings; honorable profession; judgment, obtained by experience; the main aim; to provide with different types of buildings; the efforts of an engineer; such as; be directed towards the same goal; to prepare the plans and specifications; to supervise the construction; at the lowest practical cost; the duty of an engineer; to reduce the cost of the project; to change a design; to modify the requirements; to revise portions of specifications; in such a way; essential value; it seems evident; to render a real service to the client; have to combine

1.2 Read the text. Give your reasons that the civil engineer is an honorable profession Text 1 a The Builder and Construction

In our country housing construction is being carried out on a large scale and the building profession attracts a great number of young men and women nowadays.

Builders construct and reconstruct residential and industrial buildings, schools, hospitals, museums, theatres. They build bridges, tunnels, canals and dambs.

The person entering this honorable profession must have a scientific attitude, imagination, initiative and good judgment obtained by experience and serious work. An engineer must receive a great deal of scientific training connected with his profession. He must know mathematics as well as many facts concerning materials – for example what loads different materials may safely carry – so that there will be no danger of his building falling down. He must need some knowledge of painting, design, mechanical engineering, geography, city planning, etc. The structure he creates should give us pleasure, a sense of beauty.

The main aim of a civil engineer is to provide people with different types of buildings with all modern conveniences, such as running water, gas, electricity, central heating. The efforts of an engineer, who designs a project, and a constructor, who builds a project, are directed towards the same goal, namely the creation of the building which will serve the purpose for which it is built.

The placement and form of buildings in relation to their sites, the distribution of spaces within buildings and other planning devices are fundamental elements in the aesthetics of construction.

An engineer is engaged to prepare the plans and specifications and usually to supervise the construction of a project. It is a duty of an engineer to design a project which will satisfy the needs of the occupant at the lowest practical cost.

An engineer should study every major item to determine if it is possible to reduce the cost of the project. It may be possible to change a design, modify the requirements for construction or revise portions of specifications in such a way that the cost of the project will be reduced without sacrificing its essential value. An engineer who practices this philosophy is rendering a real service to his client. Major expenses in buildings are for land, materials and labor. Thus, it seems evident that an engineer should be reasonably familiar with building methods, building materials and equipment which may be used to construct the project. He has to combine art, advanced technology, science and economics in his work.