Lesson 6

Grammar: 1. Infinitive § 7 2. Infinitive Constructions § 7 Text: Food

I Read and translate the following words and word combinations :

provide, fiber, feed, forage, crop, alfalfa, clover, grass, fish, game, cattle, hog, sheep, major, divide, cereal, grain, nourishment, barley, corn, millet, oat, rice, rye, wheat, root, crop, potatoes, pulses, beans, peas, flour, meal, oil, chickens, goats, meat, eggs, milk, honey, mill, demand, fur.

III.Find definitions to the following words:

fiber, forage, game, cattle, cereal, grain, nourish, root, pulses, flour, meal, food.

1. Any kind of grain used for food

2. Keep (a person) alive and well with food.

3. Fine powder, made from grain, used for making bread, cakes.

4. Bulls, cows .

5. Small, hard seed of food plants such as wheat and rice.

6. Food for horses and cattle

7. That part of a plant, tree, etc. which is normally in the soil and which takes water and food from it.

8. Kind of plants which consist mainly of dry beans and peas.

9. One of the very thin threads of which many animal and vegetable growths are formed, e.g. cotton, wool, nerves, muscles.

10. Food that is eaten: grain coarsely ground (oat meal) it is collective term for breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner, supper.

11. (Flesh of) animals and birds hunted for sport and food.

12. A general term for anything that people eat.

1. From the list below please pick up words which have the same meaning and which are the opposites:

a) Synonyms : food, provide, animals, grain, demand , livestock, supply, cereals, important, request, major.

b) Opposites : possible, divide, solid, eat, liquid, go hungry, impossible, combine.

2. Word – building

• en short – shorten

• ize sympathy -sympathize

Build verbs with the help of the suffixes – en, -ize and translate them:

Soft, weak, local, collective, national.

3. Read and translate the text "Food"

Food is the most important product. But farms also provide many other products, from natural fibers to flowers and trees. Some crops are used only to feed livestock. These forage crops include alfalfa, clover and many grasses. Forage crops are important because they make commercial livestock production possible.

Food products. Farmers produce almost all the world's food, including some fish and game (flesh of animals and birds hunted for sport and food). Most food products come from crops. The rest come from animals, especially cattle, hogs and other livestock.

From crops. The world's farmers grow about 85 major food crops. They can be divided into 8 groups. The main group is cereal grains. Grain is grown on half the world's cropland and supplies much of the nourishment in the human diet. The chief grains are barley, corn, oats, rice, rye and wheat.

Various root crops make up the second most important group of food crops. Like cereal grains, root crops are grown throughout the world and are a basic food for many people. The leading root crops are potatoes. The 6 remaining groups of major food crops are:

1. pulses, which consist mainly of dry beans and dry peas;

2. fruits and vegetables;

3. oil- bearing crops, such as soybeans and coconuts;

4. sugar – bearing crops, especially sugar cane and sugar beets,

5. nuts; and

6. cocoa beans, coffee and tea.

Some oil crops, especially soybeans are used to make flour and meal as well as oil.

From animals. Cattle, chickens, goats, hogs, sheep and other livestock are the main animals raised for food. Livestock are raised in every country and supply nearly all the world's meat, eggs and milk. Farmers also raise a few other kinds of animals for food. For example, many farmers keep bees for honey.

Natural fibers come from a variety of plants and animals raised on farms. Mills and factories use the fibers to make fabrics and other textile products. Cotton, flax, are the chief plant fabrics. Wool, the principal animal fiber comes mainly from sheep but also from such animals as goats and members of the camel family silk fibers are obtained from the cocoons of silkworms. Farms in Japan and China raise most of the world's silkworms. The development of nylon and other manufactured fibers during the 1900's has reduced the demand for natural fibers in some countries.

4. Answer the following questions:

1. What do farms provide?

2. What do forage crops include?

3. From what do products come?

4. Into how many groups can food crops be divided?

5. What animals are raised for food?

6. What can you say about natural fibers?

7. What are the chief plant fibers?

5. Name four or five kinds of:

1. cereal grains;

2. fruits;

3. vegetables;

4. livestock;

5. fibers;

6. meat.

VIII. Give Kazakh equivalents to the following proverbs. Learn them by heart and use them in your own situations or dialogues

1. tastes differ.

2. As like as two peas.

3. As hungry as a wolf (hunter)

4. His eyes are bigger than his stomach.

5. Too many cooks spoil the broth

6. Hunger is the best sauce

7. Hope is a good breakfast, but a bad dinner.

8. After dinner sleep a while, after supper walk a mile.

9. Using active vocabulary of the lesson answer the following questions:

1. What kind of food do you know?

2. What meals do you know?

3. What kinds of fruit do you know?

4. Where do you have your meals on week – days and on Sundays?

5. Can you recommend a good restaurant? Why is it good?

6. What is the most important thing in a restaurant – the food, the service, or the atmosphere?

7. What's the difference between a cafeteria and a restaurant?

8. What do you think of American (English) food?

9. What does your dinner usually consist of?

10. What kind of fish do you know?

11. What are your favourite meat dishes?