- •Theory of translation. Workshop 3. Grammatical Translation Techniques.
- •1. Grammatical transformations can be necessitated by a whole number of factors. Here are some of them:
- •3. Match the terms to their short descriptions.
- •4. Answer the following questions. Multiple choice.
- •References for background reading:
- •1. Supplement (workshops 2 and 3).
3. Match the terms to their short descriptions.
a) zero translation, b) replacement, c) assimilation, d) antonymic translation, e) expansion (addition), f) compression (omission), g) transposition, h) joining sentences, i) breaking sentences, j) compensation.
1 |
It is substituting a negative sentence with an affirmative one and vice versa. |
She is not unworthy of your attention – Она вполне заслуживает вашего внимания. |
2 |
It consists in substituting differently functioning sentence parts by homogeneous members of the sentence. |
Не glanced up just to see a stranger on the neighboring roof – Он взглянул наверх и увидел на крыше соседнего дома незнакомца. |
3 |
It is using a TL word combination to render the meaning of a SL word, or in using a TL sentence to render the meaning of a SL phrase. |
He is a poor speller – Он делает много орфографических ошибок. He lived in Kent – Он жил в графстве Кент |
4 |
It consists in almost complete restructuring of a SL structure with the help of TL means. It also presupposes the elimination of SL elements which do not have an independent semantic meaning but are used for the sake of collocability. |
They say you have been elected a chairman – Говорят, вас избрали председателем.
|
5 |
The essence of this technique is making up for the inevitable losses. It consists in using lexical means instead of grammatical or stylistic ones and vice versa. |
“I’m nothing to you, not so much as them slippers”.” Those slippers” – «Я для вас ничто, хуже вот этих туфлей». «Туфель». |
6 |
It consists in substituting one thing (word form, part of speech, sentence part or sentence type). |
Он посмотрел на часы – He looked at his watch. Оратор устало замолчал – The tired speaker was silent. |
7 |
It is using a TL word to render the meaning of a SL word combination, or in using a TL phrase to render the meaning of a SL sentence. |
Германия занимает одно из ведущих мест по экспорту оптических приборов – Germany is a key exporter of optical instruments. Он чувствовал себя прекрасно – He felt fine. |
8 |
It consists in translating one simple SL sentence as a complex or compound TL sentence. |
I hate his behaving in this way – Терпеть не могу, когда он себя так ведет . |
9 |
The essence of this technique is in changing the word order necessitated by topic-comment relationships |
In 1922 a new leader arose in Britain – В 1922 году в Британии появился новый лидер.
|
10 |
It consists in using a simple TL sentence to render the meaning of a complex or compound SL sentence. |
Ожидается, что количество студентов возрастет вдвое – The number of students is expected to increase twofold. |