Processes. States. Properties

1. to fade away/out (v.i.) – to become gradually fainter (until it ceases) -

to die away (v.i.) постепенно ослабевать (о звуке); исчезать (об

изображении)

The music faded away/faded out/died away.

Call the television repair people, the picture has faded out

completely.

2. to glow (v.i.) – to give out heat and /or light without flames or smoke –

светиться

glow – a light from sth. burning without flames or smoke – свечение; накал

The screen begins to glow.

When the batteries become weak, the indicator will glow faintly.

The oil-lamp gives a soft glow.

Intensity of glow shows battery level.

3. to light (up) (v.i.) – to be or become bright, as with light or colour –

загораться

The indicator may not light (up).

When the unit is in use, the indicator lights.

4. to run down (v.i.) – (of a battery) to become weak or exhausted -

разряжаться

The battery is/has run down; it needs recharging.

The inside batteries have run (themselves) down.

5. to come over (v.i.) – to be heard on radio or stage – слышно

Let me know how I come over.

Your voice comes over rather well.

It has such a small loudspeaker that only half the note

come over.

6. to jitter (v.i.) - to behave nervously – дрожать

jitter - дрожание (изображение)

He fiddled with the knobs and made the pictures jitter or

chase each other up the screen like a slowly wound film.

7. to perform (v.i.) – to work or carry out an activity (in the stated way) -

работать, функционировать This car performs well/badly on long journeys.

performance – (of people or machine) the ability to do sth., esp. needing skill

– эксплуатационные качества, характеристика работы

машины

The car’s performance on corners needs to be improved.

It will not affect the performance of the TV set.

8. to break (v.t.) (v.i.) – to (cause to) become unusable by damage to one or

more parts - ломать(ся)

He broke the clock by dropping it.

This machine is broken/has got broken and must be

repaired.

to break down (v.i.) – (of machinery) to fail to work, to stop working -

to cut out сломаться, выйти из строя

to give out (informal)

to conk out (informal)

to pack up (informal) (esp. BrE)

to kick off (informal) (esp. AmE)

The car/machine/engine/machinery/radio/TV set broke

down/ cut out/gave out/ conked out/packed up/ kicked off.

9. flat (BrE) – (of a battery) having no more electric current left inside

dead The battery is flat/dead.

10. fault – an imperfection in any apparatus, piece of machinery or electrical

circuit which interferes with its normal function; generally the fault

can be corrected - неисправность, повреждение

A major fault is more difficult to correct than a minor fault.

A trivial fault can easily be located, and is not serious.

There’s a fault in the electrical connection.

A loose connection in an ammeter is a fault.

A small electrical fault in the motor.

faulty – having a fault or faults – неисправный; поврежденный;

испорченный; негодный

faulty – having a fault faults – неисправный, поврежденный,

испорченный, негодный

a faulty wire in the electrical system

to replace a faulty part free

11. defeat – an imperfection caused by a missing part, property, or characteristic

essential to the whole for perfection, a defect is made good when

the missing part is added - дефект; недостаток; неисправность

a minor defect in the design of a loudspeaker

The machine is unsafe because of the defects in it.

defective – having a defect or defects – неисправный, поврежденный,

дефектный

defective machinery

12. to receive (v.t.) - to pick up sound waves - принимать

to pick up (v.t.)

He wished to receive that station.

This powerful radio receives foreign station very well.

He at last picked up a signal from that station.

This powerful radio can pick up stations from halfway round the

world.

reception – receiving of radio, etc., signals; the quality of radio or television

signals – прием

Radio reception isn’t very good here.

Reception of TV programmes is unsatisfactory here.

The fine-tuning control is used for better SW repeption.

13. distortion – distorting or being distorted; instance of this; sth. that is

distorted – искажение

There is no distortion of sound.

14. interference – a jumbling of radio signals caused by the reception of

undesired ones, esp. when a radio station is difficult to listen

to because of the effect of another one near to its wavelength

- помехи

Interference is negligible.

Interference from foreign broadcasting stations is negligible.

We get interference from another station.

15. atmospherics (pl.) – electrical discharges that occur in the atmosphere and

cause crackling sounds in radio receivers –

атмосферная помеха

16. crackling (sounds) – smell crackling sounds – потрескивание, треск

crackle

17. humming (noise) – a continuous sound like that made by bees – жужжание,

hum гудение

18. buzz – a humming sound, as of bees or machinery in rapid motion –

buzzing жужжание, гудение

19. picture – what is seen on a television set (screen) or at the cinema –

изображение

Here comes the picture.

The picture takes ages to come on this set.

You can’t get a clear picture on this set.

Here’s a set free from picture distortion.

The tube is going. (The quality of the picture on the set is getting worse).

20. shock – the sudden violent effect of electricity passing through the body

electric(al) shock - электрический удар

If you touch that live wire you’ll get a shock.

To avoid electric(al) shock, do not open the cabinet.

21. voltage – electrical force measured in volts – напряжение

high/low voltage

This radio can be used with a power/mains voltage of 220 v.

Be sure to check your local power/mains voltage.

Turn the voltage selector to your directed power/mains voltage.

Before connecting the unit to an AC outlet, make sure that the operating

voltage of the unit is identical with the voltage of your local power supply.

22. current – the flow of electricity through sth. or along a wire or cable –

electric current электрический ток

direct current (DC) – (an) electric current flowing in one direction –

постоянный электрический ток

alternating current (AC) – (a) current that reverses its direction at regular

intervals, the cycle being repeated continuously) –

переменный электрический ток

23. power – energy of force that can be used to do work – энергия, мощность

energy

electric(al) power/energy

Power is turned on automatically when a cassette is loaded.

24. power consumption – the amount of power consumed – затрата энергии;

потребление энергии

The nameplate indicating voltage, power consumption, sth. is

located at the bottom.

25. (power) output – power, energy, etc., produced – выходная мощность

26. short circuit – a faulty electrical connection that usu. puts the power supply

short out of operation – короткое замыкание

Then the current flows directly between X and : and a short circuit

is formed.

to short-circuit (v.t.) (v.i.) – to (cause to) have a short circuit – замкнуть

to short накоротко, сделать короткое замыкание

The electrical circuit is then short-circuited/ shorted.

The system has short-circuited/shorted.

27. (1) the state or condition of touching – контакт; соприкосновение

An electrical contact is made when a switch is loaded.

An electrical contact is broken when a switch is opened.

to be in/out of contact (with sth.)

to come in/into contact (with sth.)

to bring sth. into contact (with sth.)

(2) the part of an electrical device which makes contact to complete a

circuit- контакт

A loose contact does not conduct well.

An electric current will not flow if the contact is faulty.

28. connection – a physical object which joins two or more other objects,

e.g. a piece of wire joining two resistors is a connection –

соединительный элемент

to make/establish a connection (between sth. and sth.)

a loose connection in the circuit

The machine won’t work because of a faulty connection.

29. clockwise – (adj.) (adv.) – in the direction in which the hands of a clock

move - по часовой стрелке

anticlockwise (BrE) - (adj.) (adv.) – in the opposite direction to the

counterclockwise (AmE) movement of hands of a clock-

против часовой стрелки

He turned the volume control/knob clockwise/anticlockwise.