2.Give Russian equivalents to the following words and expressions

distribute energy, move the gen­erators, ordinary steam-engine, reciprocating engine, short-cut the process, successful attempt, flexible shaft, to adjust, reduce the speed of rotation, unsuitable, inventor, a wide range of applications, to leak out, output, latent energy, giant electric power station, would-be turbine inventors, excessive velocity.

3.Give English equivalents to the following words and expressions

экономичное производство энергии, иметь место, расширение пара, непригодный для, портативный турбогенератор, общественность, освещать электрическими лампами, электрическое освещение, иметь успех, век атома, дизельный двигатель, не использовать топливо, движущая сила судна.

4. Put different types of questions and answer them

1. Electricity is only a means of distributing energy. (Alternative question)

2. The steam-turbine must be a much more efficient and powerful prime mover than the reciprocating engine. (Disjunctive question)

3. The problems involved in building such a ma­chine seemed great. (To the subject)

4. That turbo-generator worked, but its capac­ity was limited. (General question)

5. The generator developed 75 amperes output at 100 volts. (Special question)

6. There were enormous vested in­terests in the manufacture of reciprocating steam-engines. (Special question)

7. The organizers of the Newcastle Exhibition of 1887 asked Parsons to supply the current for its display of electric lighting. (Alternative question)

8. The machine, built in 1884, is now at the Science Museum. (General question)

9.Now steam-turbines run at much lower speeds than Parson's model. (To the subject)

10. The atomic age cannot do without steam-turbines. (Disjunctive question)

5. React to the following statements using “No doubt”, “I doubt”, “On the contrary”, “Sure”, “I hope you are right”, “I agree”

1. In 1867 Charles Parsons began to work on the idea of a steam-turbine.

2. Parsons realized that the time had come to build giant electric power stations.

3. Par­sons put it into practice for the first time in his model of 1884, a little turbine combined with a steam gen­erator.

4. Diesel-engines are only used where smaller or mobile stations are required and no fuel but heavy oil is available.

5. The reciprocating steam-engine was unable to convert less than 12 per cent of the latent energy of coal into mechanical power.

6. A little turbine was combined with an electric gen­erator, both coupled without reducing gear and revolving at 18,000 r. p. m.

7. The reciprocating steam-engine was effi­cient enough for the economical generation of electricity - energy leaked out right and left from the cylinder and the condenser.

8. The first nuclear power station in the world started up a quarter of a century after Charles Algernon Parsons's death.

6. Finish each sentence according to the text

1. During the first few years of electric power there was no other way of moving …

2. It was only towards the end of the nine­teenth century that engineering …

3. Patrik de Laval made the steam from the boiler emerge …

4. Parsons had the idea of reducing the steam pressure and speed, …

5. The Chief Con­stable had the idea of asking Mr. Parsons to illuminate the pond …

6. The steam may be raised by coal, oil, natural gas, or atomic energy - but …

a) from four stationary nozzles arranged around the rim of a wheel.

b) with electric lamps, powered by one of the port­able 4-kW turbo-generators.

c) methods were developed highly enough for a successful attempt.

d) it is invariably the steam-turbine which drives the generators.

e) the gen­erators than either by the force of falling water or by simple steam-engines.

f) without reducing efficiency and economy.