Arrange items for plan according to text.

1. Gas deposits in Orenburg.

2. Mineral resources in the Orenburg region.

3. The geographical position of the Orenburg region.

4. Orenburg region enterprises.

5. Agriculture in the Orenburg region.

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Speak about the Orenburg region according to the plan.

Lesson 5

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Great Britain

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It is situated on the British Isles.

Great Britain and Ireland are the largest islands and there are about five thousand small islands.

The North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel separate Great Britain from the continent.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. There are numerous lakes in Scotland and they are called Lochs.

The north and west of England are also mountainous, but all the rest-east, centre and south-east is a vast plain. The South English plain is the richest, the most fertile and the most populated in the country. In the south-east one can see the most beautiful scenery in England and the largest fruit- producing county Kent which is often called “The Garden of England”.

The mountains in Great Britain are not very high. There are many rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames, which flows through rich agricultural districts into the North Sea, is the busiest and the most important river in England.

The climate of Great Britain is mild. The Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the weather of the British Isles. The summers are cool and rainy. It is not so hot in England as on the continent. July is the warmest month. But, of course, the climate is different in different parts of the country. In Scotland the climate is colder than in England. Great Britain has an area of 244.000 square kilometres and a population of more than 55 million. It is one of the most densely populated countries in the world.

Great Britain is a highly developed capitalist and industrial country. It is a large producer of iron and steel products, electronics and machinery, chemicals and textiles. It has a highly developed shipbuilding industry.

Great Britain is not very rich in mineral resources. It imports all of its oil, cotton, rubber, sulphur, four-fifths of its Wool, half of its food and iron ore. Manufactured goods made from these materials have been exported since the industrial age began.

Great Britain exports machinery, motor-cars, aircraft, locomotives, chemicals, Woolen and synthetic textiles, radio, TV and navigation equipment.

Great Britain has a lot of industrial cities, such as London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Sheffield, Bristol and many others.

Answer the questions :

1 What parts does the United Kingdom consist of?____________________________

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2 Is Great Britain a continent or an island?__________________________________

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3 Which is the longest river in Great Britain?________________________________

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4 Which is the most important river in England?_____________________________

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5 Are the mountains in Great Britain high?___________________________________

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6. What can you say about the climate of Great Britain?________________________

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6. What is the territory and the population of Great Britain?_____________________

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6. What are the towns in Great Britain that you know?_________________________

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6. What are the main industrial centres of Great Britain?________________________

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6. What does this country produce?________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

Read the text

London

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the biggest and busiest ports of Great Britain. It is situated on both sides of the Thames, which is navigable, all the years round.

London is a very old city. It is more than twenty centuries old. London consists of many parts and they are very different from each other. They seem to belong to different towns and epochs.

The West End is a symbol of wealth and luxury. The best and the most expensive hotels, restaurants, clubs, theatres, cinemas, and the richest shops are there. There are beautiful houses and lovely gardens there belonging to wealthy people.

Trafalgar Square is in the geographical centre of London. It was so named to commemorate Admiral Nelson’s victory at the Battle of Trafalgar. The monument in the centre of the square is surmounted with a statue of Nelson. Its pedestal is decorated with bas-reliefs of famous naval battles. At the base of Nelson’s column are four great lions. The large platform at the foot is often used by the orators when there are large meetings and demonstrations.

On the north side of Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery, an art gallery housing the national collection of pictures, and the National Portrait Gallery housing the national collection of portraits, a great number of them being rather of historical interest than of genuine artistic value.

Whitehall, which leads out of the Square to the South, is the site of many Government offices, the Foreign Office, the War Office, and the Treasury.

A small, rather dull-looking street with ordinary houses branches of Whitehall. It is Downing Street where for the last 200 years at Number 10 each Prime Minister has lived.

At the end of Whitehall is Parliament Square with the Houses of Parliament on the left and Westminster Abbey half right (on the right).

Big Ben is the name given to the clock and bell of the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament.

Westminster Abbey is famous for its architecture, for its historic associations. Westminster Abbey has its world famous Poet’s Corner where many of the greatest English Writers are buried: Chaucer, Charles Dickens, Tennyson, Thomas Hardy and Rudyard Kipling. Here, too, are memorials to Shakespeare,

Burns, Byron, Walter Scott, and Thackeray and to the great American poet Longfellow.

The City is the oldest part of London. It covers only about a square mile and few people live there, but over a million people enter the City in the day-time to work.

At the end of the day the businessmen, clerks and secretaries go home and the City becomes silent and empty. The City is the financial and business part of London. Numerous banks, officers and trusts are concentrated in this part. There are some famous ancient buildings with in the City, such as St. Paul’s Cathedral, Wren’s masterpiece, and the Tower of London which was built nine centuries ago and used as a royal place, a fortress and a political prison. Now it is a museum.

The East End is the poorest district of London. There are many factories, workshops and docks there. The streets are narrow, the houses are poor. It is a densely populated district where working-class families live.

London is the centre of Britain’s cultural life. There are many museums and art galleries in London: The National Gallery, the Portrait Gallery, the Tate Gallery, the Natural History Museum and many others. The British Museum is well-known as one of the largest museums in the world. It is really a history museum in the world. It is really a history museum. One can see there Egyptian statues, sphinxes, mummies, Roman sculpture, drawings and paintings. The museum has a rich library with copies of rare manuscripts.

Near the British Museum you can see the tall, handsome building of the University of London. It is the main building of the University. London University is divided into a number of colleges and schools scattered about in different parts of London. London University is the principal centre of post-graduate studies and research work.

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