5. The verbs always taking preposition – to – in the passive voice:

to announce to - объявлять

to communicate to - сообщать

to dedicate to – посвящать

to describe to – описывать

to devote to – посвящать

to disclose to – разоблачать

to explain to – объяснять

to interpret to – объяснять, толковать

to introduce to – представлять

to propose to – предлагать

to repeat to – повторять

to submit to – подчинять

to suggest to – предлагать

▪ The new rule was explained to the children.

▪ His decision was announced to the audience.

6. The passive of - doing/seeing - etc. is - being done / being seen - etc.

Compare:

▪ active: I don't like people telling me what to do.

▪ passive: I don't like being told what to do. (=I remember being taken to the zoo when I was a child. (= I remember somebody taking me to the zoo).

▪ Steve hates being kept waiting. (= he hates people keeping him waiting)

▪ We managed to climb over the wall without being seen. (= without anybody seeing us.

Practice Passive modal auxiliaries

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences by changing the active modals to passive modals.

1. Someone must send this letter immediately. This letter …………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. You can find flowers in almost every part of the world.

Flowers…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. Someone ought to wash these dirty dishes soon.

These dirty dishes………………………………………………………………………………………

4. People may cook carrots or eat them raw.

Carrots……………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Our air conditioner doesn’t work. Someone has to fix it before the hot weather comes.

Our air conditioner …………………………………………………………………………………….

6. If the river floods, water might destroy the village.

The village………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Someone may call off the picnic if it rains.

The picnic……………………………………………………………………………………………….

8. You must keep medicine out of the reach of children.

Medicine…………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. You shouldn’t pronounce the “b” in “lamb”.

The “b” in “lamb”…………………………………………………………………………………….

10. People should remove coffee stains on cotton immediately with cold water.

Coffee stains on cotton………………………………………………………………………………….

11. People should plant tomatoes in the spring.

Tomatoes…………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. People cannot control the weather. The weather……………………………………….

Exercise 2. What do these words mean? Use it can ... or it can't ... . Use a dictionary if necessary.

If something is…………….

1. washable, it can be washed 4 unusable……………………………………………….

2. unbreakable, it 5 invisible………………………………………………..

3. edible, 6 portable………………………………………………..

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the given words, active or passive.

1. Jane (should+tell)…………………………………………….the news as soon as possible.

2. Someone (should+tell)…………………………………………James the news immediately.

3. Meat (must+keep)……………………………………….in a refrigerator or it will spoil.

4. You (must+keep)………………meat……………in a refrigerator or it will spoil.

5. We tried, but the window (couldn’t+open)…………………………………………. . It was painted shut.

6. I tried, but I (couldn't +open)…………………………………………….. the window.

7. Good news! I (may+offer)…………………………………………………a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.

8. Chris has good news. The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday (may+offer)………………………………………………………………. her a job soon.

9. The class for next semester is too large. It (ought to+divide)……………………….in half, but there is not enough money in the budget to hire another teacher.

10. These books (have to+return)…………………………………………to the library by tomorrow.

11. Polly (have to+return)…………………………………………. these books by next Friday. If she doesn’t return them, she (will+have to+pay)……………………………a fine to the library.

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the verbs in the list. Use each verb only one time. Some of the sentences are active and some are passive: - distinguish/ eat / establish / kill / obtain / participate / scrub /teach /

1. A driver’s license can……………………………………….from the Licensing Bureau at the corner of Pine Street.

2. Surgeons must………………………their hands thoroughly with disinfectant soap and hot water before they enter the operating room.

3. A parrot can…………………………to say words. I know a parrot that can say, ‘Me want food.’ Her grammar isn’t very good, but she often manages to get something to eat.

4. The games are open to anyone who wants to join in. Everyone can…………………..in them. You don’t have to sign up first. We welcome all players.

5. A university may…………………………………in outer space. Ideas for such a university are presently in the planning stage.

6. Your body needs lots of vitamins and minerals. You should……………………………….

more salads and less junk food in the future.

7. A bald eagle can……………………………………………..from other large birds by its white head and white tail.

8. Some ranchers still believe that bald eagles must………………………………to protect their livestock. Today eagles are a protected species.

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

1.Руки надо мыть перед каждой едой. 2. Комнаты нужно регулярно проветривать. 3. Кошку надо кормить рыбой. 4. Собаку можно кормить мясом и овощами. 5. Ребёнку надо давать фрукты. 6. Эту картину можно повесить над камином. 7. Как можно перевести это слово? 8. Куда можно поставить чемодан? 9. На что нужно обратить внимание?. 10. Нужно записать твой номер телефона. 11. Нужно измерить ваше кровяное давление. 12. Его надо пригласить на мой день рождения. 13. Ей можно предложить новую работу.