IV. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the words: “Whether, if” – ли

1.Railways carry containers irrespective of whether they are small or large.

2.Freight cars are constantly moved from one place to another whether they are loaded or empty.

3.The results of the test in the new hump yard must show if the sorting operation is satisfactory.

V. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the predicate:

1.With the introduction of automatic switching great improvement in operation of yard was made possible.

2.Cars can be sorted in flat and hump yards.

3.The booking office should be conveniently placed to the station entrance.

4.Electronic equipment will be able to speed up humping operation.

5.A division may be of various length.

6.Ways of increasing the comfort of passengers are to be constantly developed.

7.The chief controller must have a good view of the whole control panel and has to watch all events on a railway.

8.Railways can transport liquid freight.

VI. Mind the translation of the verbs “should” and “would”:

1.The safety of traffic demands that as many lines as possible should be controlled by C.T.C.

2.Trains should run according to the time-table.

3.It is necessary that any large railroad should be cut into divisions.

4.The dispatcher would not have made a mistake, if he had used automatic control.

5.It is impossible for the dispatcher to switch the signals that would admit two trains to the same track.

6.Should computers be installed in the yard, it would be possible to facilitate yard operations.

7.Had the new system been tested in the field it would have been used long ago.

8.It was clear that containerization would change the methods of handling freight.

9.The driver said that he would drive his train at a high speed.

VII. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the infinitives:

1.It is necessary to prepare traffic schedules within a short period of time.

2.To operate railways by means of computers became the reality.

3.To increase the line capacity it should be modernized as soon as possible. 4.C.T.C. is introduced by railways to ensure efficient train operation.

5.Repair shops adjacent to the yard are mechanized to speed the repair of the damaged cars.

6.It is very important to simplify the problem of running trains.

7.Computers are used to automate the operation of train movement.

8.To place Up and Down yards on separate sides of the line is not economical.

9.To push trains over the hump much quicker than it was done before diesel shunters were designed.

VIII. Make a summary of the text:

Passenger Station and its Design

The design of a passenger station depends on the kind of passenger operation it performs. If most of the passengers who pass through the station are “commuters” – that is people who live in the suburbs and work in the city – it is not necessary for the passenger station to have large waiting-rooms.

If most of the passengers using this station are persons who come from other terminals to continue their journeys, large waiting-rooms are needed. The use of electric locomotives has a large effect on the design of large passenger stations. The use of electric power makes it possible to do away with a train shed and to construct the station building right over the railway track. The platforms may be on opposite sides of the track. There may be an island platform between the tracks. The island platform is cheaper to equip than two separate platforms. The booking office should be placed to the station entrance. Adjacent to the booking office there should be an attractive enquiry office (справочное бюро) with two doors, one used for entry and the other for leaving. Waiting-room accomodation should be as comfortable as possible.