Значение и употребление глагола need

№ п/п	Значение или употребление	Тип предложения	Инфинитив	Пример	Перевод
1.	Необходимость	Отрицательное, вопросительное	Неперфектный, общего вида	Need you work so hard now? You needn't do it at the moment.	Тебе нужно так много работать сейчас? Тебе не надо делать это сейчас.
2.	Сомнение, ожидание отрицательного ответа	Вопросительное	Неперфектный, общего вида	Need she go there? I wonder if I need go there.	Ей ведь не надо туда идти? Интересно, надо ли мне туда идти.
3.	Совершение действия, которое не было необходимым (переводится «зря, не к чему, незачем)	Отрицательное	перфектный	We needn't have waited for her because she never came at all.	Нечего было ее ждать. Она все равно не пришла.

Exercises

1. Complete the sentences using needn't + one of these verbs:

ask come explain leave tell walk

1. We've got plenty of time. We needn’t leave yet.

2. I can manage the shopping alone. You___ with me.

3. We___ all the way home. We can get a taxi.

4. Just help yourself if you'd like something to eat. You___ first.

5. We can keep this a secret between ourselves. We___ anybody else.

6. I understand the situation perfectly. You___ further.

2. Complete the sentences with must, mustn't or needn't.

1. We haven't got much time. We must hurry.

2. We've got plenty of time. We needn’t hurry.

3. We have enough food at home so we___ go shopping today.

4. Jim gave me a letter to post. I___ remember to post it.

5. Jim gave me a letter to post. I___ forget to post it.

6. There's plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You___ decide now.

7. You___ wash those tomatoes. They've already been washed.

8. This is a valuable book. You___ look after it carefully and you___ lose it.

9. 'What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big?' 'Well, it___ be big - that's not important. But it___ have a nice garden - that's essential.'

3. Read the situations and make sentences with needn't have.

1. George went out. He took an umbrella because he thought it was going to rain. But it didn't rain. He needn't have taken an umbrella.

2. Ann bought some eggs when she went shopping. When she got home, she found that she already had plenty of eggs. She___.

3. A friend got angry with you and shouted at you. You think this was unnecessary. Later you say to him/her: You___.

4. Brian had no money, so he sold his car. A few days later he won some money in a lottery. He___.

5. When we went on holiday, we took the camera with us but we didn't use it in the end. We___.

6. I thought I was going to miss my train so I rushed to the station. But the train was late and in the end I had to wait 20 minutes. I_____.

4. Write two sentences for each situation. Use needn't have in the first sentence and could have in the second (as in the example)

1. Why did you rush? Why didn't you take your time?

You needn’t have rushed. You could have taken your time.

2. Why did you walk home? Why didn't you take a taxi?

3. Why did you stay at a hotel? Why didn't you stay with us?

4. Why did she phone me in the middle of the night? Why didn't she phone me in the morning?

5. Why did you leave without saying anything? Why didn't you say goodbye to me?

5. Fill in: needn't have or didn't need/have to, don't need/have to/needn't and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

" Have you seen Modern Families yet?" Paul asked Mary as he was checking through the cinema listings. "I saw it last night," she replied. "I___ (go) though - (already knew what it would be like." "Didn't you like it?" "Not really. The director 2) ___ (spend) so much money presenting such a weak story. It's a good thing I 3) ___ (pay) to get in." "How did you manage that?" asked Paul. "I went with Tom," she answered. "Critics 4)___(pay) to see films you know." "How was the acting?" "Well, the director 5) ___ (hire) such good actors for a film like that," said Mary. "I mean you 6) ___ (have) much talent to sit around talking about nothing for hours." "Did Tom review it?" "He 7) ___ (write) about it. Somebody else had already done it for his paper. We just went out of curiosity, but really we 8) ___ (go).

Revision exercises

1. Look at the pictures, then guess what the people are saying using modal verbs.

Example: Picture 1: May I speak to Mr. Brown, please? Could you put me through to Mr. Brown, please?

Use the following verbs and word expressions: To take a book, to recommend, to taste, to show, to help, to carry the bag,

2. Fill in: was/were able to, could (n' t), had been able to, should be able to or can.

1. You___ run much faster when you were younger.

2. On entering the house I___ smell something burning in the kitchen.

3. If you work quickly, you___ finish on time.

4. Ann___ read by now; she's already six.

5. When we lived on the coast, we___ swim in the sea every day.

6. If Gordon___ find his way out of the jungle, he would have survived.

7. Last week he___ arrange a meeting with the Prime Minister.

8. I'm not usually very good at tennis, but yesterday I___ beat my brother.

9. Tom___ finish this today, shouldn't he?

10. He___ fix the tap so he called a plumber.

3. Fill in: can, can't, couldn't, have to, haven't been able to, should, need to, must or must have.

Dear Mum and Dad,

Here I am in my new flat. Sorry I 1) couldn’t write earlier, I was busy moving in and unpacking. Now, I just 2)___buy curtains and a Jew rugs to make the flat really homely. When I unpacked, I 3)___find my toaster anywhere. I 4)___left it behind in the old/lat! I'll come to see you on Sunday 14th. 5)___I bring my flat mate? If we set all ready, we 6)___arrive in time/or lunch. I 7)___wait to eat your delicious apple pie! Anyway, I 8)___go now. There's someone___ at the door. It 9)___be the plumber; he is going to install the washing machine.

See you on Sunday. Judy.

4. Make comments and speculations about each picture using modals.

Example: picture 1: She shouldn’t have allowed the cat to jump on the table.

5. Fill in a modal or a synonymous expression and the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets.

1. I'm getting fat. I really have to try (try) to lose some weight, like the doctor said.

2. What a lovely day! ___(we/go) for a walk?

3. I'm not sure where Gary is. He___ (be) at the library.

4. That___ (not/be) Bill's car. He doesn't own one.

5. Tom___ (sleep) but I'm not sure. Why don't you go and see?

6. Don't worry. You___ (not/dress) formally for the party.

7. If you wanted to borrow my car, you ___ (ask) me.

8. This dog___ (belong) to Harry. It's got his address on its collar.

9. Only authorised personnel___ (enter) this area.

10. You___ (not/smoke) in some public places.

11. I saw John in the town centre this morning. He___ (go) to Spain yet.

12. Fortunately he___ (convince) the police that he was innocent.

13. Tom drives really well now. He___ (pass) his driving test easily.

14. She___ (be) at the party last night. She was ill.

15. They___ (announce) the winners on March 16th. It's scheduled.

16. She___ (start) working on Monday. The manager has told her to.

17. I missed the film last night because I___ (work) late.

18. Everyone in the world___ (have) food and shelter.

19. You___ (comply) with the regulations. We expect you to do so.

20. People___ (treat) animals in a better way but they don't always do so.

6. Read the letter and fill in a correct modal verb or expression. Then look at Clare's notes and write what Clare wrote to Ann. Try to use as many different modals as possible.

Dear Clare,

I'm writing to ask if you 1) could, give me some advice. I'm a 20-year-old student who 2) ___survive on the money my parents send me. My parents live in a small village. When I succeeded in my exams, I 3) ___move to Leeds to attend university. My parents are over 60 and 4) ___no longer work. I feel like I 5) ___be giving them money to help them instead of getting money from them. On top of that, my sister leaves school next year and she 6) ___want to go to university, too. I feel I 7) ___do something for her as well. There 8) ___be a way. I think I 9) ___try to get a job but I 10)___think of what I 11)___do. It 12) ___be a good idea to work evenings so that I can study during the day. You see, I 13) ___attend all my lectures or I 14) ___fail my course. Of course I 15) ___leave university but I don't want to. I 16) ___do something soon but what? Please advise me. What 17) ___I do?

Regards,

Ann Wood.

Clare's Notes: don't feel guilty about your situation/ find a job as a waitress, baby-sitter etc/do not stop attending university/save money (e.g. cook your own meals, walk instead of using public transport etc) / apply for money from the Students' Support Fund/ think of the future/ be able to repay your parents when you've got a permanent job

Dear Ann,

I'm sorry to hear about your problem, but really there are so many things you can do to make your life better....

7. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences:

1. More than a hundred and fifty years ago, a British man named Charles Babbage had an idea about a machine that could to work with numbers.

2. He wanted to make a machine that could followed different orders to do different jobs.

3. Often the computer have to make the information smaller so that its memory can to hold more of it at one time.

4. As contrasted with Babbage's analytical engine, which was designed to store only data, von Neumann's machine, called the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Computer) was able store both data and instructions.

5. So-called second generation computers, which used large numbers of transistors were to able to reduce computational time from milliseconds to microseconds, or millionths of seconds.

6. Computer data processing systems should combines the capabilities of both humans and computers.

7. Computers is able store vast amounts of information, to organize it, and to retrieve it in ways that are far beyond the capabilities of humans.

8. It should to be noted that computers and their accessory equipment are designed by a computer system architect, who usually has a strong engineering background.

9. Unless you are studying engineering, you don't to need to become a computer system architect.

10. A voltage mays be used to present other physical quantities such as speed, temperature, or pressure.

8. Fill in the blanks using should, need, have to.

1. Whenever the processor___ to read data it looks in this cache area first.

2. The data to be mined is identified, it___ be cleansed.

3. The data___ be stored in a uniform format within relevant categories or fields.

4. Clearly, emulating human linguistic capabilities is a tall order: we___ to handle reasoning, we___ to understand how language works, and we___ to give the system encyclopedic knowledge.

5. An MP3 file can store a minute of sound per megabyte, while a WAV file___11 or 12 megabytes to hold the same amount.

6. Although using the ISP is free, you still___ pay for your online time.

7. TCP software doesn’t___ to use IP or UDP, it doesn’t even___ know they exist.

8. If possible your navigation system___ be based on text links, rather than image maps or graphical buttons.

9. Because XML is an extensible language, you don’t even have___ a browser to interpret the page. If you are committed to using frames on your site, you ___better commit yourself to some extra work too, because you___ create a no-frames version of your site for visitors whose browsers don’t support frames.

10. The system___ operate on the basis that a user won’t know that a file has been moved into near-line storage.

11. This is because access is random, so the access speed to find and retrieve a particular file___ to be fast, and data integrity is also good.

12. It___ be in outline form and include all the major sections of your site with key sub pages listed beneath those sections.

9. Translate into Russian paying attention to modal verbs.

1. Mice are so widely used in graphic applications because they can do things that are difficult, if not impossible to do with keyboard keys.

2. The pointer usually is to look like an arrow.

3. The result you can obtain with different types of printers will vary.

4. We must not forget to mention thermal printers.

5. They are silent and are to be inexpensive.

6. They can produce output with a resolution of over 2000 dots per inch.

7. You may use any printer you would like.

8. If the number of pixels is very large we are able to obtain a high-resolution display and therefore a sharp image.

9. Why can a low refresh rate produce eye fatigue?

10. You should buy this sound card.

11. WORM might stand for “write once, read many”.

12. Each WORM disk is able to hold one gigabyte of information.

13. Yet CD-ROM technology has to have some disadvantages.

14. You cannot write anything onto a CD.

15. We are not allowed to speak about computers today.

16. We must write on them in the same way as on a hard disk.

17. You always need disk storage.

18. What size capacity do I need?

Список использованной литературы:

1. Барабаш Т.А. Грамматика английского языка. – М.: Высш. школа, 1983

2. Голицынский Ю. Б. Грамматика, сборник упражнений. – 4е изд., - СПб.: КАРО, 2003

3. Дорожкина В.П. Английский язык для студентов-математиков; под общ. ред. В.А. Скворцова. - М.: ООО «Издательство АСТ»: ООО «Издательство Астрель», 2004

4. Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка с упражнениями и ключами. _ СПб.: БАЗИС, КАРО, 2006

5. Кобрина Н.А., Корнеева Е.А., Оссовская М.И., Гузеева К.А. Грамматика английского языка: Морфология, синтаксис. - СПб: Лениздат; Издательство «Союз», 2003

6. Крылова И. П., Гордон Е.М. Грамматика современного английского языка: учебник для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз. – 13-е изд. М: КДУ, 2007

7. Чернухин А.Е. Учебное пособие по английскому языку ля техникумов. – М.: Издательство «Высшая школа», 1967

8. Eric H. Glendinning, John McEwan Oxford English for Information Technology/ Oxford University Press?2002

9. InfoTech, English for computer users/Cambridge University Press, 1996

10. Raymond Murphy Essential Grammar in Use for elementary students of English/ Cambridge University Press, 1997

11. Raymond Murphy Essential Grammar in Use for intermediate students of English/ Cambridge University Press, 1994

12. Round up 4

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