- •Introduction
- •1. Verb agreement with collective nouns
- •2. Use of delexical verbs have and take
- •3. Use of auxiliaries and modals
- •4. Use of prepositions
- •5. Past tense forms
- •Exams and essay writing
- •What role do other varieties of English have in the classroom?
- •Differences in American and British English grammar - tips and activities
- •6. Implications for teaching The two major varieties of English
- •Which is better?
- •Materials and varieties
- •Dirty Dan
- •Varieties and standard
- •Suggested questions
4. Use of prepositions
In British English, at is used with many time expressions, e.g.:
at Christmas/five 'o' clock
at the weekend
In American English, on is always used when talking about the weekend, not at, e.g.:
Will they still be there on the weekend?
She'll be coming home on weekends.
In British English, at is often used when talking about universities or other institutions, e.g.:
She studied chemistry at university.
In American English, in is often used, e.g.:
She studied French in high school.
In British English, to and from are used with the adjective different, e.g.:
This place is different from/to anything I've seen before.
In American English from and than are used with different, e.g.:
This place is different from/than anything I've seen before.
In British English to is always used after the verb write, e.g.:
I promised to write to her every day.
In American English, to can be omitted after write, i.e.:
I promised to write her every day.
5. Past tense forms
Below is a table showing verbs which have different simple past and past participle forms in American and British English. Note that the irregular past forms burnt, dreamt and spoilt are possible in American English, but less common than the forms ending in -ed.
Infinitive |
Simple past (Br) |
Simple past (Am) |
Past participle (Br) |
Past participle (Am) |
burn |
burned/ burnt |
burned/ burnt |
burned/ burnt |
burned/ burnt |
bust |
bust |
busted |
bust |
busted |
dive |
dived |
dove/ dived |
dived |
dived |
dream |
dreamed/ dreamt |
dreamed/ dreamt |
dreamed/ dreamt |
dreamed/ dreamt |
get |
got |
got |
got |
gotten |
lean |
leaned/ leant |
leaned |
leaned/ leant |
leaned |
learn |
learned/ learnt |
learned |
learned/ learnt |
learned |
plead |
pleaded |
pleaded/ pled |
pleaded |
pleaded/ pled |
prove |
proved |
proved |
proved |
proved/ proven |
saw |
sawed |
sawed |
sawn |
sawn/ sawed |
smell |
smelled/ smelt |
smelled |
smelled/ smelt |
smelled |
spill |
spilled/ spilt |
spilled |
spilled/ spilt |
spilled |
spoil |
spoiled/ spoilt |
spoiled/ spoilt |
spoiled/ spoilt |
spoiled/ spoilt |
stink |
stank |
stank/ stunk |
stunk |
stunk |
wake |
woke |
woke/ waked |
woken |
woken |
Note that have got is possible in American English, but is used with the meaning 'have', gotten is the usual past participle of get, e.g.
American English |
British English |
You've got two brothers (= you have two brothers) |
You've got two brothers |
You've gotten taller this year |
You've got taller this year |
