Summary

This group of the companies obviously gets the strongest and the most intensive governmental support. They are all owned by the government; many of them have politicians and members of the Russian government in the board of directors. Some of the companies from this field have production facilities not only in Russia but also abroad; they collaborate with foreign partners in the developed (the USA, France, the United Kingdom, Germany etc.) as well as in the developing countries (China, Algeria, Latin America, ex-members of the Soviet bloc etc.) and participate in many joint multinational projects (for example, International Launch Services of the Proton rocket in the USA or the participation in the International Space Station project etc.). More than a half of the production of these companies is exported to the countries with developing economies such as India, China, Vietnam, Venezuela, Algeria and others. This is often explained by the political connections and relationships being established long ago in the USSR period. All in all, the international scope of the activities of these companies is huge and this policy is strongly supported by the Russian State legislation. The main directions here are the following:

• Human resources support (federal educational and retraining programs, social perks and benefits for the workers of the military-construction and high technologies complex);

• Providing the companies of the sector with all the necessary infrastructure and giving them a status of scientific centers;

• Informational support (providing with the access to the Russian and international scientific funds and systems, organization of exhibitions of their production samples etc.);

• Financial support of the R&D projects, reconstruction projects; governmental loans and bonds issuing;

• Attraction of foreign investments and advanced technologies into the sector;

• Technical collaboration with foreign partners and investors.

To sum up, it can be concluded that the companies which operate in strategically important fields such as military complex, space industry and nuclear power are:

• All owned by the Russian government;

• Mostly were established in the Soviet times and reconstructed in the 90s, being converted into JSCs but with governmental representatives in the boards of directors;

• Export their production abroad and participate in many joint projects with the foreign colleagues;

• Interested in foreign investments and this interest is highly supported by the Russian government;

• Their international activities and expansion are also supported by the Russian government.

Group 2: Automotive construction

The second group of the companies is presented by the manufacturers of the automobiles in Russia. Mostly these are foreign companies which have their own facilities here, but there are also Russian producers in the list. The automotive construction in Russia is very attractive for the foreign investments due to several factors, such as lower costs of the labor force and production together with a positive demand for the foreign cars and a growing income level in Russia. The main players of the field are listed in Table 2 below.

Avtoframos¹⁸

Country	Belarus, Kazakhstzn, Ukraine.
Year of entry	1998
Industry/ business area	Car manufacturer
Entry mode	Export
Motives	Existing demand, production capabilities
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Great experience in the other markets
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	Firstly was created as the joint venture of Renault and Moscow government, so it helped the company to enter the market. In 2012 was fully bought by Renault.
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	The internationalization was successful due to the provision of high demand with its products

JSC "Avtoframos" - Russian carmaker. Was created as a joint venture between Renault and the Moscow government, but by the end of 2012, has been completely bought out the French. Full name - Open Joint Stock Company "Avtoframos". The plant's capacity - 160 thousand cars a year. The headquarters and production are located in Moscow.

Founded in 1998. Then part of the joint venture was entered much of the territory of "Moskvich" (formerly unfinished engine plant). In 2005, the company began assembling cars Renault complete cycle.

In 2010, at the facilities of auto plant began production of the hatchback Renault Sandero, in the fall of 2010 - Model Fluence and Megane (by SKD). In 2012 began production of crossover Renault Duster. From 2012, it was planned to cease production of the Renault Logan in connection with his transfer to "AvtoVAZ".

In 2004, the French company bought out the part of the Moscow government in "Avtoframos" by acquiring a 26% stake. In 2006, Renault increased its stake to 94.1%, and in November 2012 to buy out the company. The total investment of the French in "Avtoframos" by the end of 2012 amounted to 480 million euros

Avtotor Group¹⁹

Country	Foreigner investor into the Russian economy
Year of entry	1998 - contract with BMW
Industry/ business area	An assembly plant of automotive manufactures – BMW, Chevrolet, Hummer, Kia.
Entry mode	investment from BMW, external supervision
Motives	To minimize costs, particular transportation ones
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	High quality of production, usage of cheaper resources
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	Tax support by regional authorities
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	Internationalization of BMW enforced further company’s cooperation with other foreign enterprises

"Avtotor" - a factory for assembling cars in the Kaliningrad region. Founded in 1996. In 2008, he was one of the largest companies in Russia for production and assembly of car brands - BMW, Chevrolet, Hummer, Kia.

In August 2003, General Motors signed a set of agreements on the organization of production of GM car factories in Kaliningrad "Avtotor".

In 2006, he held the 69th place in the list of 200 largest Russian private companies by the magazine Forbes. The company's revenue in 2011 amounted to about 4 billion euros (own estimate).In July 2009, the plant capacity "Avtotor" began production SUV BMW X5 and BMW X6.

At the end of May 2010 "Avtotor" announced the launch of production of the BMW 5 Series 2011 of the coming of the German car kits. In Russia Chery car assembly began in 2006 at the Kaliningrad plant "Avtotor". Chery car sales began in Russia in May 2006. In March 2008, "Avtotor" stopped assembling cars Chery. The main reason is called failure to provide special benefits economic zone on the duty-free import of components.

Currently, work is underway to expand the range by vehicles with larger capacity. "Avtotor-Trucks" and its distributor "Avtotor Vans" offers a wide range of additional services to the car's special add-ons, such as - vans (manufactured goods, isothermal) loading platforms with different manipulators, hauler, and other add-ons.

AvtoVAZ Group²⁰

Country	Export to over 70 countries. Mostly CIS members, Eastern Europe, Uruguay, Northern Korea. Assembly plants in Ukraine, Kasakhstan, Egypt
Year of entry	Since 1970s
Industry/ business area	Automobile manufacturer. It produces the Kalina, Lada 110 and the Niva off-road vehicle
Entry mode	Export
Motives	To satisfy the demand in countries which mostly have the same economical situation and structure of incomes of citizens.
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Wide experience, particular attributes of its products
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	JSC formed out of a state company; strong financial and tax support by state, governmental subsidy loans program
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	Exported amounts of cars increased last years due to novel models which was appropriate especially for CIS countries

In contrast to the Russian market, where sales of LADA cars in January-March, down 15%, the supply of "AvtoVAZ" for export showed a significant increase. Implementation of LADA in the I quarter increased by 84.5% to 16,474 vehicles. How to tell "AUTOSTAT" in the press-center of "AvtoVAZ", in the first three months of 2012 the largest share of exports of the company belong to Kazakhstan (42%), Ukraine (28%) and Azerbaijan (16%).

As for the model structure of exports, demand varies by market. Thus, the main exports - 90% - of LADA cars in Europe have on the family of LADA 4x4. The largest volume of exports to other CIS countries accounted for LADA Kalina - 62%. In the CIS countries most in demand family LADA Samara (37%) and LADA Priora (28%). It should also be noted that in March 2012, began shipping cars LADA Granta to the CIS, the new ships now produced in all trim levels.

As described in the press center of the AvtoVAZ plant is developing a new strategy for the export of cars LADA, which gives remarkable results. It is significant that the growth of export sales of "AvtoVAZ" is recorded for the third year in a row: 42 143 vehicles in 2010, 56 010 - in 2011, 16 474 - for three months in 2012.

More than half of the exports of cars LADA accounts for the CIS countries. Also continued delivery of LADA cars in Europe, where our brand is well-known. Continues AvtoVAZ and promising negotiations for deliveries of cars with companies from other regions of the world. But still the highest sales of LADA accounts for the domestic market. In the I quarter of 2012 in Russia sold 109,388 cars LADA, which fully complies with the company's plans. Business experience in the industry shows that a decrease (in the worst case - stop) exports will inevitably lead to the weakening of the domestic market²¹.

Ford Motor Company

Country	Russia
Year of entry	Deal since 1907, 2002 – first plant
Industry/ business area	Subdivision of American multinational carmaker.
Entry mode	FDI, greenfield
Motives	To establish its own capacities closer for potential market to decrease costs
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	International experience, cheap resources and workforce
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	Tax support by regional authorities
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	January 2007 - The sales of cars indicate that Ford was in 2006, the Russian leader in sales of foreign brands. January 2008 - Russia among the five largest markets in Europe, Ford c result in 175,793 vehicles sold in 2007. Focus remains the best-selling foreign car fifth consecutive year. January 2008 - Ford in Russia ranked first in terms of sales entities in Russia. The volume of corporate sales of 34,992 cars, well above last year's sales, amounting to 23,357 vehicles.22

July 2002 - Ford begins producing near St. Petersburg cars Ford Focus; initial investment was $ 150 million.

April 2005 - Ford opens up outside Moscow's National Centre for distribution of spare parts for maintenance of vehicles Ford, Land Rover and Volvo.

June 2005 - Ford announces plans to increase since January 2006, the power plant near St. Petersburg to 60 thousand cars a year. This required a greater investment Ford to a value exceeding $ 230 million.

April 2006 - The plant near St. Petersburg produces one hundred thousandth car Ford Focus.

April 2007 - successfully started a new business in Russia Ford - a division of Ford Heavy Trucks. Ford Heavy Trucks network includes six dealerships in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Krasnoyarsk.

March 2009 - Began production Ford Mondeo at the Vsevolozhsk plant in the sedan in the six possible customized with a wide choice of petrol and diesel engines, with manual and automatic transmission. By the end of 2009, the share of this model on the Russian market increased to 7.4% in the segment.

May 2010 - In the 77 cities of Russia, there are 120 points of sales and service of cars Ford, including 106 authorized dealers Ford.

October 2011 - a joint venture with equal participation of the parties between Ford Motor Company and OAO «COLLERS" began operating. "Ford Sollers Holding" Ltd. will manufacture passenger and commercial vehicles Ford in the Leningrad region and the Republic of Tatarstan, offering greater choice to Russian buyers²³.

GAZ Group

Country	CIS, South-East Asia, Africa, Latin America.
Year of entry	2005
Industry/ business area	GAZ Group produces light and medium-duty commercial vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, buses, passenger cars, construction and road-building equipment, powertrain and automotive components. Subsidiary of Russian Machines Corporation.
Entry mode	Export
Motives	Demand in the countries, build on existing contract manufacturing relationships
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	GAZ Group follows global quality standards and has an extensive service system based on customer-oriented business model. It enables the company to maintain leadership in the commercial vehicles market24.
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	Financial and tax support by state
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	Company permanently has entered different new markets all over the world, built its own capacities, signed contracts with leaders in this business sphere, so it is quite obvious that internationalization of the company has very successful formation.

January 2006 - The first Ural trucks of GAZ Group were first assembled in Viet Nam, at a Russo-Vietnamese truck assembly joint venture.

March 2006 - The assembly enterprise of Ural India Limited, a joint venture of Ural Truck Plant and the Indian Motijug Agencies Ltd., started operations in India. GAZ Group got down to serial production of the Volga cars with DaimlerChrysler engines.

 

April 2006 - GAZ Group signed an agreement for purchase the DaimlerChrysler car assembly equipment and also the license for making a car on the basis of the Chrysler Sebring/Dodge Stratus platform.  

 

June 2006 - GAZ Group signed a partnership agreement with Renault Trucks for transfer of production of heavy diesel engines of DCi11 to Russia.

 

July 2006 - GAZ Group purchased from the U.S.-based fund of Sun Capital a 100% stake in LDV located in Birmingham (UK), an independent maker of modern light commercial vehicles of the Maxus family.

 

December 2006 - The Likino-based bus plant of GAZ Group and MAN created the first joint city bus model — a low-floor LiAZ-52922 fitted up with German MAN engine of Euro 3 environmental standard. GAZ Group announced signing of a loan agreement whereby a syndicate of independent foreign financial and lending institutions provided a US$ 100,000,000 syndicated loan to GAZ JSC.

 

October 2007 - GAZ Group launched the production of YaMZ-650 diesel engine. The company had bought the license and manufacturing equipment for this model under the brand DCi in 2006 by Renault Trucks.²⁵

 GM-AVTOVAZ

Country	Russia, CIS distributors
Year of entry	2001
Industry/ business area	The company owns a car factory in Togliatti design capacity of 102 thousand cars a year.
Entry mode	Is a joint venture founded: "AvtoVAZ" (41.61% of shares),  Concern General Motors (41,61% of shares),  European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (16.78% of shares).
Motives	To become a major player in Russia and CIS regional vehicle markets by producing cars of competitive quality and of affordable prices; Introduction of the quality culture; Strengthening of Western companies confidence in Russian business; Attraction of investments into Russian automotive industry stimulating setting up the Joint Venture in auto components industry.
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Implementation of low-cost production and procurement systems, experience, favorable logistics environment
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	Financial and tax support by state; investments support
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	As we can see it further every year company’s sales increase and it gained the goals which was set in front of it in international markets

In 2002, 456 vehicles came off the JV's assembly-line, in 2003 – 25,235, in 2004 – 55,150, in 2005 – 51,810, in 2006 – 47,881, in 2007 – 55,052, in 2008 – 54,654, in 2009 – 23,101 vehicles, in 2010 – 36,996, in 2011 – 57,765.

In 2012, 62,981 Chevrolet NIVA vehicles rolled off the line of the JV. This is 9% higher than in 2011.

63,023 vehicles shipped to dealer including 2,744 to CIS countries, again 9% higher than in 2011.

Totally, 469,220 Chevrolet NIVA  sold since the start of production including 34,332  units to CIS countries.

Today, 154 dealers provide Chevrolet NIVA sales in Russian Federation together with 8 dealers and 3 distributors in CIS countries.

The Joint Venture production philosophy is based on lean production concept (GM-GMS system) which is standard for any GM Corporation facility throughout the world. The main element of this concept is how to reduce wastes of all kinds and ensure manufacturing of quality products which is achieved through strict input and output control as well as standardized procedures, personnel training and motivation. From the 1st of July in 2002 the SAP system was introduced at the plant and it is successfully operational ever since. Currently it is being upgraded and developed²⁶.

Hundai Motor Manufacturing Rus

Country	Russia
Year of entry	2010 –plant opened
Industry/ business area	Facility of South Korean multinational automaker.
Entry mode	FDI, greenfield
Motives	Cost reduction, localization, to meet the particular customer needs (Hyundai Solaris)
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	"HMMR" - the only company with a complete production cycle of foreign car in Russia. "Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Rus" has a high level of localization due to its location in the North-West region of the supplier's automotive components. Experience, Innovations
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	Financial and tax support by state
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	American Chamber of Commerce in Russia, is a reputable business association, called the plant a better investor in 2010, with the award of an honorary award "Investor of the Year": "... for the growth, visibility and considerable success in the Russian market and long-term intentions of the company, following the highest standards ethics ... ". The company brought with him to the North-West region 11 Korean suppliers, providing a high level of localization company.

2012 – the plant reached full production capacity of 200,000 vehicles per year. The plant provides 5,000 jobs.

This is the first Russian company, which operates in the full production cycle of foreign automakers, ranging from punching the body and ending with the assembly. The plant consists of four main shops: stamping, welding, painting and assembly, as well as the test track, where all the cars are tested. The plant is equipped with modern high-tech equipment, and the highest level of the organization and automation robots.

Using cutting-edge technology based on its own research centers, Hyundai Motor Company is constantly developing and improving the line of cars. St. Petersburg plant releases a new model of car - Hyundai Solaris, designed specifically to meet the requirements of Russian customers, our road and climatic conditions.²⁷

KAMAZ Group

Country	Export – 37 countries(Eastern Europe, Latin America, China, the Middle East, and North Africa). Assambley plants in Kazakhstan, India, Pakistan, Vietnam. 93 distribution centres
Year of entry	1977
Industry/ business area	The largest automobile corporation of the Russian Federation. One of world's top heavy truck manufacturers.
Entry mode	Export
Motives	To satisfy high demand due to its unique qualitative products, costs reduction, establishing relationships with other companies all over the world A strategic vision of the company’s development: KAMAZ is the national industry leader and a major international player. “KAMAZ is an adaptive, effective, global company”. Adaptability is an ability of the company to change business parameters depending on market conditions, quickly and flexibly managing the volumes of production, production facilities, the number of employees. Efficiency is ensuring of balanced economic and financial indicators of profitability, investment activity and an internal rate of return no less than industry average indicators; Globality is strategic partnerships with the world’s leaders (including manufacturers of components), focusing on the key markets, organization of large-scale productions abroad28.
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Easy-to-maintain and reliable trucks of high quality with low operation costs and at most competitive prices; Customers’ all needs are satisfied; Wide marketing geography – KAMAZ vehicles operate under any road and climatic conditions: in the Northern Pole and in tropics, in deserts and high mountains; Developed service network in Russia and the CIS, warranty kilometrage of vehicles is up to 75 km. All these advantages facilitate KAMAZ to improve its production along with the leaders of the world machine building. OJSC KAMAZ pursues an active, balanced and independent price policy on the domestic market first of all focusing on market requirements and optimum price-quality relationship29.
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	Ownership – the state is main shareholder (49,9% - Russian Technologies State Corporation)
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	KAMAZ became the absolute leader in the class of heavy trucks in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and a number of other countries. During 2012 the company produced spare parts to the tune of over 14 billion roubles. To date, KAMAZ Group includes over 150 organizations located in Russia, the CIS and the far abroad.

OJSC "KAMAZ" is a full-cycle production automaker that combines metallurgical, forging, pressing-and-frame, mechanical assembly, special machine and tool production with all the necessary facilities and enabling the energy in the 16 specialized factories in Russia and the CIS countries, from including 9 - in Naberezhnye Chelny. In addition to development and production, the company is engaged in servicing of cars and trucks, domestic and foreign trade, and other activities.

Also has overseas manufacturing facilities in the following countries: Angola, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Korea, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Chile, Ethiopia.

Taking into account all shareholders’ objectives and interests is the basic premise of the Strategic Development Program.

Russia considers KAMAZ as its industry shaping enterprise and a major exporter of commercial vehicles, as it was formulated in “The RF Automobile Industry Development Strategy until 2020”; and a major shareholder in the company – Daimler – considers KAMAZ to be a strong regional player.

As a result of an impact from these factors, there are the following strategic priorities of the development of KAMAZ:

• key market is Russia;

• maintaining the dominant role in the CIS countries;

• presence in the attractive markets of Euroasia, Africa and South America;

• positioning itself in the medium price segment;

• developing the integration with Daimler³⁰.

Nissan Manufacturing RUS

Country	Russia
Year of entry	2004- entrance, 2009-plant
Industry/ business area	Car manufacturing plant, subdivision of multinational Japanese company Nissan.
Entry mode	FDI, greenfield
Motives	Cost reduction, localization, high demand
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	International experience, cheap resources and workforce
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	Financial and tax support by state
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	In just a few years, Russia has become one of the priorities of the world markets for Nissan. The company's sales in Russia in 2011 amounted to 146,000 cars, 43,000 were produced at the plant in St. Petersburg. Wide dealer network Nissan is present in all major Russian cities, and the number of dealers is growing. To date, open and are available 132 saloon31.

The test vehicle assembly plant was launched in early 2009. A June 2, 2009 near St. Petersburg the grand opening of the plant. At the St Petersburg plant will initially be released only two models - Teana and X-Trail. The design capacity - 50 thousand cars a year. Maximum number of staff - 750 people. Total investment in the project by the Japanese company made ​​about $ 200 million.

At this time (2012) at the factory near St. Petersburg launched production models Nissan Teana, Nissan X-Trail and Nissan Murano. In addition, in 2012, started test production of the new Nissan Almera AvtoVAZ plant in Togliatti, in late 2012 to begin mass production of the model. Production is established on the new line for car assembly conveyor platform B0, which already made ​​car Lada Largus.

PCMA Rus

Country	Russia
Year of entry	2010
Industry/ business area	Plant "PCMA Rus", the joint venture PSA Peugeot Citroën (70%) and Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (30%), has been producing cars
Entry mode	FDI, greenfield; joint venture
Motives	Localization, costs reduction, cheap resources
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	International experience, whole cycle of production, international quality standarts
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	Financial and tax support by state
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	To meet growing demand, the expectations of Russian clients and provide them with the best quality cars - quality guaranteed in each plant PSA and Mitsubishi all over the world - PSMA Rus gradually increasing production volumes and therefore strengthens the position presented by the three brands in Russia.

Plant "PSMA Rus", the joint venture PSA Peugeot Citroën (70%) and Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (30%), opened in Kaluga region in April 2010. PSMA Rus is one of the largest employers in the region and contributes significantly to the economy of the area. Plant equipment meets international industrial and environmental standards, and international experience of the team of the plant allows the company to successfully develop production.

Continuous build Peugeot 408 was successfully launched in 2012, which made it possible to present to the market a car designed with the Russian climate, road conditions and preferences of potential customers. Subsequently range of factory assembled models will join the cars of Mitsubishi and Citroën³².

Sollers Group

Country	Since 2010 – partnership with foreign car producers. No information about export.
Year of entry	2009
Industry/ business area	Leading Russian automotive company that works in partnership with such leaders of the global automotive industry as Ford, SsangYong, Toyota, Mazda and Isuzu.
Entry mode	FDI, brownfield; joint ventures
Motives	Offer of a full package of car services, from modifications adjusted to individual customer requirements to the most convenient forms of car ownership.
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Different types of entry modes, full customer service circle, innovations
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	JSC. Governmental support: plant on the Far East (Russia); subsides provision.
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	In the years after the establishment of the company, it managed to take leading positions in Russian automotive market,  introduce more than fifteen new products, create together with the partners the capacities for producing about 550 thousand vehicles annually and become one of the most effective companies in the industry33.

SOLLERS owns production sites that produce Russian UAZ and Korean SsangYong SUVs,  Japanese ISUZU trucks, as well as ZMZ petrol and diesel engines.

The SOLLERS strategy includes the full cycle of customer services: 1. Car selection: customer-tailored modifications. 2. Car manufacturing: realization of customer wishes.  3. Car sale: best service standards from the company’s chain. 4. After-sale services: full accompaniment of car operation.  5. Customer motivation: financial instruments of offers³⁴.

In 2011, Ford Sollers, a joint venture responsible for producing and selling a broad range of Ford vehicles in Russia, started its operations. In 2012, it was MAZDA SOLLERS, a joint venture that already launched production of its first CX5 model in Vladivostok. In 2013, it is also planned to start production of Toyota vehicles as part of a joint venture with Mitsui.

Volkswagen Financial Services RUS

Country	Russia
Year of entry	2007
Industry/ business area	Subdivision of Volkswagen Financial Services which provides financial services, including leasing, operating leasing, credit and insurance.
Entry mode	Wholly owned
Motives	Costs reduction, meet region peculiarities and demand
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	International experience, innovations
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	Financial and tax support by state
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	The company Volkswagen Financial Services Rus was one of the finalists of the international competition «Russian and the CIS Call Center Awards 2009". Volkswagen Group Finanz is one of three leading car leasing companies in Russia.35

Volkswagen Financial Services RUS (LLC "Volkswagen Financial Services RUS") operating in the Russian market since 2007 and is a division of Volkswagen Financial Services AG - one of the largest international companies specializing in financial services for the automotive market. Volkswagen Financial Services for over 50 years providing financial services, including leasing, operating leasing, credit and insurance, in more than 35 countries. During this time, had accumulated the expertise to create a progressive technology and our own know-how, which are already being used in Russia.

Volkswagen Financial Services RUS works with brands that are part of the concern Volkswagen AG: Volkswagen, Audi and SKODA³⁶.