II. Writing

Put the verbs into the correct tense form (past simple or present perfect simple).

1. Mother: I want to prepare dinner, (you / wash)_____the dishes yet?

2. Daughter: I (wash)____the dishes yesterday, but I (have / not)____the time yet to do it today.

3. Mother: (you / do / already)___your homework?

4. Daughter: No, I (come / just)___home from school.

5. Mother: You (come)____ home from school two hours ago!

6. Daughter: Well, but my friend Mary (call)____ when I (arrive) and I (finish / just)____the phone call

7. Mother: (you / see / not)____Mary at school in the morning?

8. Daughter: Yes, but we (have / not)____ time to talk then.

• Some days ago you were invited to your friend's birthday party. Write an email (35-45 words) to your English pen-friend. Include this information:

• How did he / she celebrate his / her birthday?

• Did you go out for a meal or stay at your friend's flat?

• Did he / she celebrate with his / her family or with his / her friends?

III. Speaking

Talk about one of your relatives. Include this information:

• name, age, hometown and brief information about him / her;

• his / her hobbies and interests;

• the personality of the people he / she likes / dislikes.

Examination card № 32

I. Reading

Read the text. Choose the correct item А, В, С or D to complete the sentences (1-4).

The dark side - making war on light pollution

In 1610, Galileo Galilei published a small book describing astronomical observations that he had made of the skies above Padua, Italy. His homemade telescopes had less magnifying and resolving power than most beginners' telescopes sold today, yet with them he made astonishing discoveries: that the moon has mountains and other topographical features, that Jupiter is orbited by satellites which he called planets, and that the Milky Way is made up of individual stars. It may seem strange that this last observation could have surprised anyone, but in Galileo's time people assumed that the Milky Way must be some kind of continuous substance. It truly resembled a streak of spilled liquid and it was so bright that it cast shadows on the ground (as did Jupiter and Venus). Today, by contrast, most Americans are unable to see the Milky Way in the sky above the place where they live, and those who can see it are sometimes baffled by its name.

The stars have not become dimmer; rather, the Earth has become vastly brighter, so that celestial objects are harder to see. Air pollution has made the atmosphere less transparent and more reflective, and high levels of terrestrial illumination have washed out the stars overhead - a phenomenon called "sky glow." Anyone who has flown across the country on a clear night has seen the landscape ablaze with artificial lights, especially in urban areas. Today, a person standing on the observation deck of the Empire State Building on a cloudless night would be unable to discern much more than the moon, the brighter planets and a handful of very bright stars - less than one percent of what Galileo would have been able to see without a telescope.

Today, the very darkest places in the United States are increasingly threatened. For someone standing on the rim1 of the Grand Canyon on a moonless night, the brightest feature of the sky is not the Milky Way but the glow of Las Vegas, a hundred and seventyfive miles away. To see skies truly comparable to those which Galileo knew, you would have to travel to such places as the Australian Outback and the mountains of Peru.

1. What is "sky glow?"

A The brighter planets and some of the brighter stars. В The large amount of artificial lights on earth. С The man-made phenomenon that makes the cosmos difficult to observe. D The brightening of the earth's surface.

2. Galileo's discoveries were remarkable because...

A his telescopes were weak and homemade. В Padua, Italy had very bright skies.

С no one else had telescopes. D the skies in the sixteenth century were very bright.

3. To experience the truly dark skies, you can go...

A to the Grand Canyon, the USA. В to the Australian Outback.

С to Padua, Italy. D to the top of the Empire State Building.

4. According to the text, which of these things did Galileo NOT discover?

A that the moon has mountains В that Venus casts a shadow on the ground

С that the Milky Way is made up of many stars D that Jupiter is orbited by satellites

1	2	3	4