5.Stylistic Differentiation of the vocabulary: vocabulary layers, their aspects, principles of interaction.

Then the word-stock (словарный состав) of the English language may be divided into three main layers (strata): the literary layer , the neutral layer, and the colloquial layer. The literary and the colloquial layers contain a number of subgroups. Each subgroup has a property(особенность) it shares with all the subgroups within the layer. This common property which unites the different groups within the layer is called its aspect.

The aspect of the literary layer is its bookish character, which makes the layer more or less stable.

The aspect of the colloquial layer is its lively spoken character, which makes it unstable, fleeting.(быстро исчезающий)

The aspect of the neutral layer is its universal character. It can be employed in all styles of language and in all spheres of human activity. This makes the layer the most stable of all.

6. Stylistic stratification of the English vocabulary: literary vocabulary.

The literary vocabulary consists of the following groups of words:

1. common literary;

2. terms and learned [′ lə:nid] words;

3. poetic words;

4. archaic words;

5. barbarisms and foreign words;

6. literary coinages and nonce-words.

Common standard literary words are used in writing and in polished speech. They are used in formal communication. Literary words are mainly observed in the written form.

Special Literary Vocabulary - Terms - words denoting(указывать) objects, processes, phenomena of science, humanities, technique.

Characteristics:

• Direct relevance(уместность применимость) to the system or set of term used in particular science;

• Direct connection with the concept it denotes;

• Belong to scientific style or language of scientific prose;

• Tend to pass into common literary or literary vocabulary

Poetic and Highly Literary Words Poetic words and expressions are used to sustain the special elevated atmosphere of poetry.

Characteristics:

Rare usage

Mostly archaic

Examples: the old verb clipian—to call, name); quoth (to speak); eftsoons (again, soon after)

Archaic, Obsolescent(устаревающий, уходящий из употребления) and Obsolete (устарелый, малоупотребительный) Words

Three stages in aging process of words:

1. Obsolescent - the stage of gradually passing out of general use.

2. Obsolete words - words are those that have already gone completely out of use but are still recognized by the English-speaking community

3. Archaic - are words which are no longer recognizable in modern English

Stylistic Functions of Archaism

Realistic background creation;

Terminological (official documents);

Examples: aforesaid, hereby, therewith, hereinafter named

Satirical

Elevated effect creation.

Barbarisms and Foreignisms

Barbarism – words of foreign origin which have not entirely been assimilated into the English lan­guage, but have already become facts of the English language, e. g. chic (=stylish); bon mot (=a clever witty saying); en passant (— in passing); infinitum (= infinity)

Foreign words do not belong to the English vocabulary. They are not registered by English dictionaries.(матрешка пельмени)

Stylistics Functions of Barbarisms and Foreignisms

To supply local color

To build up the stylistic device of non-personal direct speech or represented speech.

Literary Coinages (Including Nonce-Words) неологизмы

Literary coinage is a new word or meaning created for use in the moment of speech and which can be used only in a given context.

Types:

1. Terminological coinages those which name new­born concepts.

2. Stylistic coinages - words coined because their creators seek expressive utterance.

Stylistic Functions of Literary Coinages

• Esthetic effect

• Provocation

• Characterized