8. Explain in English the following words and word-combinations given in the text and then translate them into Ukrainian.

criminal justice	to deal with	evidence	trial	an accused
to argue a case	a criminal	legal training	a burglary	unpaid judge

9. Translate into Ukrainian using active words.

1. A suspect was arrested and put into prison because he was suspected in kidnapping.

2. The policeman decided to question the passerby, the man being ready to answer his questions.

3. The decision was made and the suspect was sent for trial.

4. The judges, working in High Court, are paid salaries.

5. Unpaid judges chosen from well-respected people in the local community are called magistrates.

6. The accused person was arrested, but a well-qualified barrister defended the accused and he was found not guilty.

7. A witness was invited to give evidence in the trial.

8. He witnessed the accident.

9. What can you say about the judicial system of Ukraine?

10. How is the administration of justice organized in Ukraine?

11. The defendant is the person accused of a crime.

12. The defense barrister is the lawyer who represents the defendant in a civil or a criminal case.

13. To determine whether an accused person was guilty or not guilty preliminary inquiries were conducted.

14. He was asked to give evidence.

15. The witness takes the oath to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.

16. Don’t try to blame someone else for your own mistake.

17. If you are guilty – plead guilty and apologize for committing the offence.

18. The law was broken.

19. The offender was imposed a fine, and he had to pay $ 100.

20. Who is the first to investigate the crime?

10. Read and translate the following text: Solicitor or barrister?

The solicitor is the first point of contact with the law for a client in the UK. The solicitor listens carefully to the client, making sure their needs are clearly understood and then explains the legal position and tenders advice and then explains the legal position and tenders advice. By contrast, barristers will only see the client in the company of a briefing solicitor. The barrister is the specialist with particular skills in advocacy, a consultant who will examine the case and decide what line to take in court. The barrister will be reliant on the detailed brief prepared by the client’s solicitor. There are only a few solicitors who are allowed to present cases in the higher courts. Many more solicitors work in their litigation departments and spend much of their time preparing briefs for counsel. Barristers are self-employed in the independent Bar. Solicitors are normally salaried and may be offered a share in the profits of the practice if they are successful.

The Bar is a small but influential independent body with just over 8000 practicing barristers in over 400 chambers in England and Wales. In addition, there are about 2000 barristers employed as in-house lawyers. The Bar is an advocacy profession. The Bar’s right of audience in the higher courts remains virtually unchallenged. The work divides equally between civil and criminal law. There are over 70 specialist areas, including major ones like chancery (mainly property and finance) and the commercial bar.

Judges in England and Wales have mostly been barristers of 10 years’ standing, then Queen’s Counselors, and are appointed by the Lord Chancellor. Judges cannot work as barristers once they are appointed. A barrister who is part-time judge is known as a Recorder. The Crown Prosecutor, who works for the Director of Public Prosecutions, is responsible for prosecuting criminals based on evidence presented by the police.

Solicitors do a variety of work – corporate and commercial, litigation, property, private law, banking and project finance, employment law and environmental law. There are about 66000 practicing solicitors in England and Wales.