3.1. Read and translate text b, write down unknown words and translate them.
Text B
Fisheries
F
isheries
are regions of water where the levels of particular species are
suitable for commercial harvesting. In addition to cropland and
rangelands, fisheries represent one of the world’s three major
systems of food supply, as they provide food for approximately one
billion people worldwide. The following is a list of some of the most
commercially valuable species of fish and shellfish: herring,
sardines
and anchovies:
these small fish feed on plankton near the surface of coastal waters
and often form large schools; salmon:
these surface dwelling (pelagic)
fish live in the northern water of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean,
they are praized
for their size and taste and while they do not form schools, they are
easily captured when they migrate in groups to freshwater streams for
breeding; cod:
these bottom-dwelling (demersal)
fish from large schools and feed mostly on crabs and mollusks;
mackerels
and tunas:
these pelagic fish are top carnivores that hunt in schools for
smaller fish in the surface waters of the open sea;
flatfish:
species such as flounder, sole and halibut live on the ocean bottom
of the continental shelf;
invertebrate mollusks and crustaceans:
species such as shrimp, crab and lobster actually command the highest
market prices.
Aquaculture is the commercial raising of fish and shellfish for food. As overfishing becomes an increasingly serious problem, the practice of aquaculture is growing at a rate of about 6% per year, and it currently supplies one-fourth of the world”s commercial fish harvest. There are two major types of aquaculture: fish farming and fish ranching.
Fish farming uses a controlled environment, usually a pond or tank, to breed and raise fish until they reach the desired size for harvesting. Fish ranching, on the other hand, holds fish in captivity for the first few years of their lives, releases them and then harvests the adults when they return to breed. This practice is used most commonly with salmon, as these fish almost always return to the exact location of their birth for breeding. Overall, the most common species of fish and shellfish that are harvested through aquaculture includes mussels, oysters, shrimps, clams, carp, tilapia, salmon.
3.2. Make a list of commercially valuable species of fish and shellfish
3.3. Take each of them and describe the place of its living
3.4. Name species which command the highest market prices
3.5. Explain the following terms: 1/ fish farming, 2/ fish ranching
3.6. Prove the point: Aquaculture is the commercial raising of fish and shellfish for food. Use text A and text B for your approval
3.7. Copy out sentences with the word “aquaculture” from text A and text B
3.8. Use the sentences from ex.1.8 to make a plan on the topic “Aquaculture can help to sustain marine biodiversity”
3.9. Discuss the problem “The practice of aquaculture is growing”
Make up situative dialogues
3.10. Test 6. Choose the right answer:
1. These lines are hug with ... . |
a – thousands of bated hooks, |
b – one hook, |
|
c – without hooks |
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2. Smaller drift-nets are still being used in... . |
a – sea waters, |
b – coastal waters, |
|
c – pond waters. |
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3. ... can be used to remove pressure from overharvested fisheries. |
a – biology, |
b – farming, |
|
c – aquaculture |
|
4. They are ... for their size and taste. |
a – valued, |
b – prized, |
|
c – considered. |
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5. They are easily captured when they migrate in ... . |
a – groups, |
b – prides, |
|
c – companies. |
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6. This ... is used with salmon. |
a – work, |
b – practice, |
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c – game. |
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7. The commercial fishing industry ...... a variety of methods. |
a – are developed, |
b – will be developed, |
|
c – has developed. |
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8. Trawlers... large nets accros the ocean. |
a – drags, |
b – will drag, |
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c – drag. |
|
9. These nets... the desired fish. |
a – catches, |
b – catch, |
|
c – caught. |
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10. These nets also ... ocean habitats. |
a – dmage, |
b – was damaged, |
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c – will be damaged. |
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11. Bycatch ... species such as dolphins, seals. |
a – was included, |
b – includes, |
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c – include. |
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12. Purse-sein method ... ... by commercial fishers. |
a – were used, |
b – is used, |
|
c – will be used. |
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13. In 1993, the Unite States ... a moratorium on large-scale drift-netting. |
a – will be ordered, |
b – orders, |
|
c – ordered. |
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14. This moratorium ... ... the practice of drift-net fishing. |
a – are reduced, |
b – were reduced, |
|
c – has reduced. |
|
15. Fish farming ... a controlled environment. |
a – uses, |
b – were used, |
|
c – use. |
|
16. Fish ranching ... fish in captivity. |
a – will be held, |
b – holds, |
|
c – were held. |
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17. Trawlers are: |
a – big ships, |
b – cars, |
|
c – fishing boats. |
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18. Purse-seine fishing method is used by: |
a – sport fishermen, |
b – commercial fishermen, |
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c – fishermen. |
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19. The purse seine-net ... |
a – surrounds the fish, |
b – drags the fish, |
|
c – pushes the fish. |
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20. When ships send out fishing lines, it will be... . |
a – drift net fishing method, |
b – purse-seine fishing method, |
|
c – drift-net fishing method. |
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21. Method used to catch and hold fish by their gills is called... . |
a – purse-seine method, |
b – long-line method, |
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c – drift-netting method. |
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22. The practice of aquaculture is... . |
a – growing, |
b – reducing, |
|
c – not moving. |
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23. Salmon ... returns to exact location. |
a – never, |
b – always, |
|
c – from time to time. |
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24. Aquaculture can help to ... marine biodiversity. |
a – sustain, |
b – mis, |
|
c – decrease. |
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25. Flat fish is ... . |
a – tuna, |
b – flounder, |
|
c – salmon. |