Seminar 3 (2 classes)

Grammatical Categories of the Noun and their Realization

In English and Ukrainian. Points for Discussion

1. The category of Number in English and Ukrainian.

2. The category of Case in English and Ukrainian.

3. The category of Gender in English and Ukrainian.

4. The category of Definiteness/Indefiniteness in English and Ukrainian. The problem of the Article in English.

Exercises:

Ex.1. Fill in the chart with proper Ukrainian & English nouns to illustrate the noun objective category of thingness.

The Noun Denotative Feature	English	Ukrainian
naming things (eg. binoculars) naming living beings (eg. lizard) naming places (eg. valley) naming materials (eg. detergent) naming processes (eg. laughter) naming states (eg. jealousy) naming abstract notions (eg. happiness) naming qualities (eg. courage)

Ex.2. Study the table of the semantic classes of the nouns in the

English Language. Write in 3 more words into each nest. Are they the

same class in Ukrainian?

NOUNS

COMMON NOUNS

COUNTABLE

Class: castle, month

Collective (admitted of two forms): crew, team

Abstract: difficulty, worry, trouble

UNCOUNTABLE

Material: yoghurt, disinfectant

Collective:

Pairing Nouns: leggings, bermudas

Singularia Tantum: foliage, machinery

Pluralia Tantum: belongings, outskirts

Invariable Unmarked Plural: cattle, clergy

Abstract: growth, confidence

PROPER NOUNS

PEOPLE'S NAMES: Chopin, Michael Hall

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES: Portugal, Berkeley Square

TITLES: Her Majesty the Queen, Mrs. Ford

NAMES OF THE THINGS

Organizations: the Labour Party, the United Nations

Institutions: York University, the Open University

Buildings: Lambeth Palace, Lincoln Center

Bridges: Vauxhall Bridge, the Golden Gate Bridge

Ships: the Queen Marry, the Titanic

Books: the Odyssey, the Grapes of Wrath

Newspapers & Magazines: the Economist, the Wall Street

Journal

Plays: A Midsummer Night's Dream, Romeo & Juliet

Unique objects: God, the Pole Star

Historical References: the Dark Ages, the French Revolution

Acronyms: NATO, VIP

Ex.3. Match English compounds with Ukrainian equivalents.

а)

1. Outbreak a) спалах, раптовий початок

2. Break-out b) бій на прорив

3. Upturn а) покращення

4. Turn-up b) щось загорнуте, відігнуте

5. Outlook а) погляд, краєвид

6. Lookout b) перспектива, оглядовий майданчик

7. Upset а) ситуація, становище

8. Set-up b) план, змова

9. Outline а) контури, план_схема

10. Lineout b) пересаджування рослин

11. Overlay а) серветка

12. Layover b) тонкий шар покриття

13. Turnover а) грошовий обіг

14. Overturn b) переворот

b) Insert the required compounds into the gaps.

1. Last week saw further thundery _______ as the low pressure area

drifted over the country.

2. The _________ of her straw hat were bitterly worn up to freely

give the sunshine in.

3. Shoppers are always on the ______ for something new.

4. The mountain was visible only in ________ as the light faded.

5. The ______ in the country resulted in doing away with a long

standing monarchy.

6. The engineering group announced it had made a pre_tax

loss & _______ had fallen.

7. The whole stormy _______ was bad for my nerves.

8. When drugs were found in her luggage, she claimed it was a ______.

9. From the top of the tower, the ____ over the city was breathtaking.

10. Investors should not expect a sharp ________ in the economy.

Ex.4. Write the following in English.

Посередники, випускники, випускниці, явища, гіпотези, формули, клятви, перехрестя, критерії, 2 пенси, три половини, ступні, сотні тисяч, дані, показники, засоби, види, перехожі, матчі, спостерігачі, кактуси, хребти, узбіччя, листки, три повні ложки.

Ex.5. Group the below given nouns into the following subclasses:

a) singular in form — singular in meaning;

b) singular in form — plural in meaning;

c) plural in form — plural in meaning;

d) ending in “_s” — singular in meaning.

Weather, gentry, stairs, oil, poultry, music, anger, tongs, mumps, bowls, foolishness, classics, ethics, athletics, butter, goods, clergy, aerobics, capacity, childhood, trust, furniture, glasses, gymnastics, information, progress, measles, research, diabetes, statistics, cards, clothes, remains, wastes, troops, riches, salt, pride, spectacles, vermin, scissors, silver, advice.

Ex.6. The following are the Singularia Tantum Ukrainian nouns. Translate them into English. Do they belong to the same class in English?

Щастя, радість, вишняк, молоко, золото, відпочинок, літо, мед, солома, гайвороння, сором'язливість, привід, селянство, цукор, сталь, велич, біль, молодь, гречка, олія, Київ, смола, жито, пісок, слава, осінь, садівництво, каша, доба, індустрія, волейбол, листя, худоба, людство, телебачення, доброта, відлюддя, іржа, вірність, віск, вовна, хода.

Ex.7. The following are the Pluralia Tantum Ukrainian nouns. Translate them into English. Do they belong to the same class in English?

Двері, дріжджі, висівки, дрова, витрати, посиденьки, піжмурки, заручини, хрестини, Карпати, Піренеї, відвідини, теревені, збори, солодощі, граблі, шахи, роковини, зернові, жнива, кеглі, окуляри, відносини, регбі, труднощі, статки, ворота, пахощі, розваги, лінощі, Альпи, будні, злидні, ревнощі, проводи, вершки, перемовини.

Ex.8. Some English nouns have different meanings in the singular and

plural. Match Ukrainian lexemes with the right English form of the

noun.

Перемовини (talk/ talks), манірність (air/ airs), попіл (ash/ ashes), вміст (content/ contents), зміст (content/ contents), митниця (custom/ customs), збитки (damage/ damages), кальсони (drawer/ drawers), грошові засоби (fund/ funds), скло (glass/ glasses), погляд (look/looks), спосіб (manner/ manners), етикет (manner/ manners), протокол (minute/ minutes), зусилля (pain/ pains), масштаб (scale/ scales), ваги (scale/ scales), збереження (saving/ savings), заощадження (saving/ savings), видовище (spectacle/ spectacles), відстань (step/ steps), підприємство (work/ works), ґрунт (ground/ grounds), земельна ділянка (ground/ grounds), нагороди (honour/ honours), юність (youth/ youths), молодь (youth/ youths), стан (condition/ conditions), обставини (condition/ conditions), визначні місця (sight/ sights), милосердя (charity/ charities), благодійність (charity/ charities), спирт (spirit/ spirits), дух (spirit/ spirits).

Ex.9. Identify the opposite sex of the English male living beings.