3. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the elements of hardware?

2. What is called the system unit?

3. What are the functions of the case?

4. What is the keyboard used for?

5. How does the keyboard function?

6. How does the mouse work?

7. What do you have to do with the mouse if you want to start the programme?

8. What is dragging for?

9. What is the monitor for?

10. What does the sharpness depend on and how is it called?

11. How are video images built?

12. What regulations do you have to follow to reduce eye strain?

13. What is used to reduce wear on the screen?

14. What is the function of the floppy drive?

15. Why does the computer have to format a new diskette?

16. Where is hard drive situated and how is it referred to?

17. What is the CD-rom for?

4. Make all types of questions to the following sentence:

You communicate with your computer with the keyboard.

5. Give English equivalents:

Технические средства («железо»), корпус, обрабатывать (информацию), клавиша пробела, дистанционное управление, перетаскивание, состоять из, хранитель экрана, совершенно новая дискета, устанавливать.

6. Give Russian equivalents:

power supply, to go haywire, specialized key, mouse pad, pointer, text characters, eye strain, to reduce wear, hard disk drive, software, to save, tray, earphones.

7. Match up:

power	guidelines
system	the computer
to power up	attention to
information to be	device
instruction	in megabytes
to pay	into the jack
TV-like	unit
to follow	processed and stored
to be measured	supply
to plug earphones	manuals

8. Translate:

1. Для уменьшения нагрузки на глаза пользуйтесь компьютером в комнате с ровным освещением.

2. Корпус с его содержимым называется системным блоком.

3. Монитор позволяет вам видеть результат работы, проходящий внутри системного блока.

4. Мышь работает благодаря скольжению по ровной поверхности.

5. CD-ROM фактически является еще одним жестким диском.

TEXT 5

1. Study the words.

to record	записывать
digit	цифра (от 0 до 9)
calculation	вычисление
to divide	делить
to add	складывать
to subtract	вычитать
to multiply	умножать

2. Read and translate the text.

DIGITAL COMPUTERS AND THEIR USES

In the digital computer the numbers to be manipulated are represented by sequences of digits which are first recorded in suitable code — usually the binary code — and then converted into positive and negative electrical impulses, and stored in electrical or magnetic registers.

The technique of making the computer carry out calculations is known as “programming”, which involves first breaking the calculation down into a sequence of arithmetic operations, and then preparing a series of instructions which make the computer carry out the required operations on the stored information, in the correct order. It is now possible to add or subtract two large numbers in one to two microseconds, and to multiply or divide them in ten to twenty microseconds.

There are many situations in which this ability to carry out and analyze large quantities of arithmetic data according to instructions is of great importance. Some examples are fields of scientific investigation such as crystallography, atomic physics and astronomy, where masses of ex­perimental data are involved and complex theoretical concepts need to be tested against them; in engineering design where the design parameters, of which there are many, can be varied systematically and their effects studied and optimized; and for the storage of data in libraries.

A particular important application of the digital computer in simplified form is as a component in the control equipment of manufacturing processes — as the nerve centre which accumulates and analyzes data recording the operating conditions and performances of the plant, and sends out instructions for their modifications. This is one aspect of what is called “automation” — the replacement of human control by instrumental control.