Evolutionary stages of development ngOs

Three stages or generations of NGO evolution have been identified by researchers. First, the typical development NGO focuses on relief and welfare, and delivers relief services directly to beneficiaries. Examples are the distribution of food, shelter or health services. The NGO notices immediate needs and responds to them. NGOs in the second generation are oriented towards small-scale, self-reliant local development. At this evolutionary stage, NGOs build the capacities of local communities to meet their needs through 'self reliant local action'. At this stage, NGOs try to advance changes in policies and institutions at a local, national and international level; they move away from their operational service providing role towards a catalytic role. The NGO is starting to develop from a relief NGO to a development NGO.

Ex.8 Use the words below to complete each sentence:

range purposes goals private environment rights

Purposes of ngo

NGOs exist for a variety of 1)______, usually to further the political or social goals of their members. Examples include improving the state of the natural 2)_______, encouraging the observance of human 3)_______, improving the welfare of the disadvantaged, or representing a corporate agenda. However, there are a huge number of such organizations and their 4)_______ cover a broad 5)_______ of political and philosophical positions. This can also easily be applied to 6)_______ schools and athletic organizations.

Ex.9 Fill the gaps with the corresponding term and translate three texts:

1. IGO (Intergovernmental organization)

2. NGO (Non-governmental Organization)

3. RO (Regional organization)

Text 1

______ are a subcategory of international organization; they can be financial and nonfinancial institutions. They consist of those supranational institutions whose members are governments or monetary authorities of economies that are located in a specific region of the world. ______ are created for many purposes including supporting, guiding, and even governing aspects of the economic relationships or integration processes among the regions’ economies.

As with other international organizations, ______ are established by political agreement among organization members that has the status of international treaties, and are accorded appropriate privileges and immunities and are not subject to the laws and regulations of the economies in which they are located.

Text 2

______ are collective groups where the members are comprised of nation states, as opposed to individuals. To be considered an ______ a formal agreement or treaty must be convened and a membership base of more than three governments. There must also be the establishment of a permanent secretariat which is designated to perform ongoing tasks. The first ______ was created in 1874 and recognized as the World Postal Union (WPU). Within the 21st century it has been estimated that there are up to 1800 ______ with many important and varying missions. Three very easily identifiable ______ are the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank and the United Nations (UN).

Text 3

A ______ is a group which has not been established by an (inter) governmental agreement. The working mandate of ______ can focus upon local, national or international issues, and these organizations usually address a wide range of activities, ranging from lobbying against global issues, organizing collective actions, and providing information on important topics. ______ usually concentrate upon one main objective or concern, for example Human Rights, illegal trafficking of children or providing humanitarian aid to a region or specific country.

Ex.10 Formulate questions from every paragraph in the text: