2. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.

1. What are the main causes of soil degradation?

2. Why are pesticides dangerous?

3. WTiat do intensive farming methods cause?

4. What is desertification?

5. What contaminates soils with heavy metals?

2. Расскажите о причинах деградации почв, используя данную ниже блок-схему.

X. Просмотрите следующую информацию. Do you know that....?

Nearly a third of the people in Russia, or 50 million, live on lands affected by dioxins, formidable poisons. Dioxins are poisons that attack all types of living cells, even in small concentrations. In man, they cause sterility, congenital pathologies, cancer, and diseases ranging from allergies to scleroses. Industrial enterprises of practically all types, especially chemical, petrochemical, and paper and pulp plants produce dioxins. The biggest emission of dioxins in the environment occurred during the 1960s and 1970s as a result of an expanded production of bleached paper and some other products involving the use of chlorine.

Safety, different, generally, important, extremely, reliability, examination, dangerous, instruction, government, periodic, prevention, defective, early, requirement.

4. Переведите на русский язык следующие цепочки слов.

Safety measures; human health; safety factors; instruction manual; government regulation; drug testing; water sources; accident prevention; safety engineers; safe^operation,

4. А. Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь понять его общее содержание.

Safety and Safety Engineering

Safety is the state of being “safe”, the condition of being protected against different types of damage, accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable.

Safety is generally interpreted as implying a real and significant impact on risk of death or injury. It’s important to realize that safety is relative. Eliminating all risk would be extremely difficult. A safe situation is one where risk of injury is low.

Safety is often seen as one of a group of related disciplines: quality, reliability, availability, maintainability and safety.

Safety measures are activities and precautions taken to improve safety, i.e. reduce risk related to human health. Common safety measures include:

• visual examination for dangerous situation;

• visual examination for flaws;

• chemical analysis;

■ X-ray analysis;

• destructive testing of samples;

• stress testing;

• safety factors;

• training of employees;

• instruction manuals;

• instructional videos;

• examination of activities by specialists;

• government regulation;

• industry regulation;

• drug testing of employees;

• physical examinations to determine whether a person has a phy­sical condition that would create a problem;

• periodic evaluations of employees;

• geological surveys to determine whether land or water sources are polluted, etc.

Safety engineering is an applied science. In the real world the term “safety engineering” refers to any act of accident prevention by a person qualified in the field. Safety engineering is often reactionary to adverse events.

Safety-engineers distinguish different extents of defective operation. They also identify different modes of safe operation. Safety- engineers take an early design of a system, analyze it to find what faults can occur, and then propose safety requirements and changes to existing systems to make the system safer.