Текст до екзаменаційного білету №3

Rules and traditions of business correspondence

Rules and traditions of correspondence vary in time but some basic principles of a commercial letter remain unchanged.

A business letter should be as short as possible, intelligible, polite, benevolent and its language must be simple.

A private business letter is written by hand, each paragraph begins with an indented line. But if a letter is sent by an organization it is typed on the form of this organization. In this case it is not necessary to use indented lines.

A letter is composed of the following elements: heading, date, address, salutation text, subscription.

A letter can be typed on the organization's form. Any form has its letterhead printed typographically. The letterhead bears the name of organization or firm, sending this letter, its address, address for telegrams, telephone, telex, fax. If you do not use the form, write your address (as a sender) on the upper right side of the letter. Do not indicate your name here; it will follow your signature. Ukrainian names of foreign trade organizations are not translated into foreign languages. They are written with Latin letters using English transcription. Your telephone number may be written below.

Текст до екзаменаційного білету №4

Types of business letters and basic rules of its writing

Business letters include all kinds of commercial letters, inquiries, replies to inquiries, Letters of Credit (L/C), invoices, Bills of Lading (В/L), Bills of Exchange or drafts, letters of insurance, explanatory letters, orders, letters of packing, letters of shipment, letters of delivery, offers, letters of complaint, replies to those of mentioned above, etc.

A business letter should be as short as possible, intelligible, polite, benevolent and its language must be simple.

Rules and traditions of correspondence vary in time but some basic principles of a commercial letter remain unchanged.

A private business letter is written by hand, each paragraph begins with an indented line. But if a letter is sent by an organization it is typed on the form of this organization. In this case it is not necessary to use indented lines.

A letter is composed of the following elements: heading, date, address, salutation text, subscription.

Текст до екзаменаційного білету №5

Setting up a limited company

Four men, Derek, Roger, Malcolm and John, have started a limited company in Britain. They are all investors and shareholders. Roger invested 20,000 pounds. John put in 10,000 pounds. Derek's contribution was 55,000 pounds, the capital of Malcolm being 15,000 pounds. The company is called

DRMS Ltd £ 100.000 (100,000×£l)

Derek is the majority shareholder (he owns the most shares).

Derek also has a controlling interest (he owns more than 50% of the shares). The company's capital (the money it has for buying goods and equipment) is 100,000 pounds.

The company's capital is divided into 100,000 shares of 1 pound each.

1 pound is the nominal value (or the par value, or the face value) of each share. Malcolm owns 15,000 shares. The nominal value of his shares is 15,000 pounds. After a year, the company makes 15,000 pound profit. This is divided between the shareholders. The company announces a dividend of 15 p. (pence) per share (15,000 pound profit — 100,000 shares).

Malcolm received 2,250 pounds (15,000 shares × 15 p.).