Дмитриева Елена, Морозова Кристина

Choose the right variant.

• The term “phoneme” appeared in linguistic literature of the________________

• 17^th century

• 19^th century

• 20^th century

• Prof. B de Courtenay stated that one and the same morpheme was always represented by the same______________

• Combination of sounds

• Combination of letters

• Combination words

• The perception of a sound, the complex perception of the articulatory movements, muscular sensation and acoustic impressions is a ___________

a) morpheme

b) speech

c) phoneme

4. ______________fulfill a communicative function in speech.

a) sounds

b) words

c) phonemes

5. According to Scerba the ____________ is the result of generalization.

a) morpheme

b) phoneme

c) sound

6. The theory of the phoneme is being developed into two main directions in our country:___________________________

a) the Moscow linguistic school, the St. Petersburg linguistic school

b) the Kazansky Linguistic school, the Moscow linguistic school

c) the Moscow Phonological Institute, the St. Petersburg linguistic school

7. The main points of Trubetzkoy’s theory are:______________________________

a) the combination of phonology from phonetics

b) the separation of phonology from phonetics

c) the separation of morphology from phonetics

8. The London Phonological School is headed by_____________

a) N.S. Trubetzkoy

b) Prof.Scerba

c) Prof. D. Jones

9. The American phonological school treats the linguistic phenomena from the point of view of_________________

a) structuralism

b) mathematic

c) physical conception

10. Prof. D. Jones of London distinguishes _______________ as different degrees of stress

a) tones and tonemes

b) chrones and chronemes

c) strones and stronemes

Keys:

• B

• A

• C

• A

• B

• A

• B

• C

• A

• C

Complete the gaps with the suitable word.

1) According to works of the French linguist F. de Saussure ________________ is defined as a total sum of acoustic impressions and articulatory movements. 2) According to Prof. B. de Courtenay, the founder of the Kazan linguistic school, who considered phoneme to be a component of a __________________. 3) According to Scerba, a phoneme is realized in speech in concrete sound combinations, which he calls ___________________. 4) There are more morphemes in English than in Russian. Phonemic variants are very important, because they may develop into new _______________.  5) According to N.S. Trubetzkoy phonology is a ____________________.

Keys:

1) Phoneme 2) Morpheme 3) Allophones 4) Phonemes 5) Linguistic science

Classification of English Sounds

Грузинова Анастасия

• Speech sounds are:

• The main language units

• The smallest constructive language units

• The biggest constructive language units

• The most recognizable language units

• What is the difference in the articulation bases of 2 languages?

• in the general tendencies their native speakers have

• in the number of sounds

• in the pronunciation of sounds

• in the old traditions

• How many types of speech sounds can we distinguish from the practical point of view?

• 1

• 2

• 4

• 8

• Voiced sounds produced without any obstruction:

• Vowels

• Consonants

• Monophthongs

• Diphthong

• What kind of sounds may be pronounced with or without vocal cords vibration?

• Vowels

• Consonants

• Monophthongs

• Diphthong

• What is produced by man’s organs of speech and travel in sound waves?

• Vowels

• Consonants

• Speech sounds

• Words

• Speech sounds differ from each other:

• In their pronunciation

• in their physical/acoustic properties

• in the way they are produced by the organs of speech

• in their features

• The main aspects of speech sounds:

• Physical

• Articulatory

• Acoustic

• Motional

• The main principles of classification of English consonants from the articulatory point of view:

• degree of noise;

• place of articulation;

• manner of articulation

• Position of the tongue

• Position of the teeth

• position of the soft palate

• The main principles of classification of English vowels from the articulatory point of view:

• degree of noise;

• place of articulation;

• tongue position;

• lip position;

• manner of articulation

• Tenseness

• The smallest constructive language unit (Speech sounds)

• Voiced sounds produced without any obstruction (Vowels)

• Sounds which may be pronounced with or without vocal cords vibration (Consonants)

• From the practical point of view we can distinguish… (2) types of speech sounds.

• Every speech sound is a complex of acoustic effects and has its…(Physical properties)

The Keys:

• b)

• a)

• b)

• a)

• b)

• c)

• b), c), d)

• b), c)

• a), b), c), f)

• c),d), f)

• Speech Sounds

• Vowels

• Consonants

• Two

• Physical Properties

Pronunciation Varieties of BE