Поликлиника №9

One of medical institutions in Russia is the polyclinic.

If a person falls ill he will ring up his local polyclinic and call in a doctor. When his condition isn’t very poor and he has no high temperature he will go to the local polyclinic and a physician will examine him there.

Many specialists including therapeutists, neurologists, surgeons and others work at the polyclinic.

At the local polyclinic every patient has a personal patient’s card which is filled in by his physician.

During consulting hours physician questions the patients, examines patients, makes diagnosis, orders laboratory tests and X-rays, administers treatment, and puts the patients on a sick-leave.

All people receive medical treatment free of charge.

Рабочий день врача в рф №11

GP in Russia is usually called a District Doctor. Such a doctor work in a local polyclinic and serves the population of a definite part of the city. He treats most diseases himself and refers patients with unusual or serious illnesses to appropriate specialists.

The working day of a district doctor begins in the polyclinic. During consulting hours district doctor questions the patients, examines patients, makes diagnosis, orders laboratory tests and X-rays, administers treatment, and puts the patients on a sick-leave. After the office hours, district doctors visit patients at home by their request. Usually the district doctor sees the patients on a regular basis for a variety of ailments and preventative treatment. District doctor should be conscientious, hardworking and dedicated to the practice of medicine.

№12 аптека

Chemists shops are specialized shops where medicines are sold. Chemists shops are usually situated on the ground floor. They have a hall for visitors, two departments for selling drugs, and proper working rooms.

The department for reception of prescriptions and delivery of drugs is called a prescription department. The other one is called a chemist department. At the prescription department medicines are sold or made up according to prescriptions. At chemist department one may buy medicines without prescriptions. In this department one may buy also different things for medical care and medicinal plants.

At the chemists all medicines are kept in drug cabinets, on the open shelves and in the refrigerator. Poisonous drug are kept in the drug cabinet with the letter A. Strong effective drugs are kept in the drug cabinets having the letter B.

Every small bottle or box has a label with the name of the medicine. At the chemist department medicines are kept according to the therapeutic effect: drugs for cough, cardic medicines, drug for headache. Disinfectants, herbs and things for medical care such as hot-water bottles, medicine dropers cups, thermometers are kept separately.

The personnel of an average chemists consist of a manager, a dispensing pharmacist, a chemist-analyst and a pharmacist.

Болезни костей №14

Bones as well as other organs of the body can be exposed to different pathologies. I want to talk about some of them. For example, acute osteomyelitis is an suppurative disease caused by staphylococcus.

The disease generally affects the upper end of tibia or lower end of femur. The infection is followed by intense reaction, with pus formation in the marrow spaces.

Almost always part of bone becomes necrotic, due to the toxic effect of pus.

Acute osteomyelitis generally affects children, especially if in poor health, after an infectious fever.

Acute osteomyelitis is a dangerous disease, especially when it affects a deep-seated bone.

In those who survive the acute phase the disease often persist as chronic osteomyelitis.

Besides may occur fracture, osteoporosis, arthritis.

CCC №15

The heart is an inner hollow muscular organ placed within the chest and includes in the pericardium. The heart consists of 2 separate chambers divided by the septum. Each of the chambers has two connected pars: the atrium and the ventricle.

The vascular system consist of three groups of vessels - arteries, veins, and capillaries.

For various reasons may occur cardiovascular diseases.

For example, atherosclerosis results from metabolic disturbances. Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis consist mainly of a certain regimen for the patient, which he must strictly follow. The patient must get up, eat, work, and go to bed at exactly the same time every day. Besides, the patient is prescribed so-called lipotropic substances.

Besides may occur rheumatic endocarditis, angina pectoris etc.

№18 инфекции

Infectious diseases are diseases caused by pathogens: viruses, bacteria, fungy and protozoa. They can be classified by their means of transmission. There are faecal-oral, vertical, iatrogenic transmission, transmission through direct, indirect and droplet contact, also vector-borne routes. Infectious diseases can be classified by the area of the body they attack. The human organism have a specific capacity of resistance against infection, which is called immunity, it being natural and artificial.

One of the infectious diseases is scarlet fever. The usual incubation period is three days. The onset is usually sudden and accompanied by chillness, vomiting, headache and sore throat. The face is flushed and skin feels hot and dry. The rash appears in 24-48 hours.

The treatment for scarlet fever consists of giving antibacterial and antistreptococcal preparations. Тhere are other infectious diseases: plague, meningitis, leprosy etc.