Решение:
1) Consumer spending is seventy percent of the economic activity in the United States.
2) Commercial properties face two serious problems: falling prices and refinancing.
3) After the recession jobs have continued to disappear, though at slower rates.
1) Потребительские расходы составляют семьдесят процентов деловой активности в Соединенных Штатах.
spending - Gerund
2) Владельцы коммерческой недвижимости сталкиваются с двумя серьезными проблемами: падением цен и рефинансированием.
face - Infinitive
3) После рецессии рабочие места продолжали исчезать, хоть и более низкими темпами.
to disappear – Infinitive
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что инфинитивные обороты часто соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1) Growth in the United States is expected to reach about two and a half percent in two thousand ten.
2) Experts say the situation is likely to continue until investors feel more sure about signs of economic recovery.
3) The Delegation is reported to have left London.
Решение:
1) Growth in the United States is expected to reach about two and a half percent in two thousand ten.
2) Experts say the situation is likely to continue until investors feel more sure about signs of economic recovery.
3) The Delegation is reported to have left London.
1) Ожидается, что в две тысячи десятом году экономический рост в Соединенных Штатах достигнет около двух с половиной процентов.
2) Согласно мнению экспертов, ситуация вероятно останется прежней до тех пор, пока инвесторы не почувствуют больше уверенности в признаках восстановления экономики.
3) Делегация, как сообщается, покинула Лондон.
Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 3, 4.
Nobel Recognizes Research into Economic Governance
Economists usually study markets. Now, two Americans have won the Nobel Prize in economics for not studying markets. They will share almost one and a half million dollars for their analysis of economic governance. This is the study of how economic activity is governed within companies, communities and other groups.
The winners are Elinor Ostrom of Indiana University in Bloomington and Oliver Williamson of the University of California, Berkeley. The prize in economic sciences has gone to sixty-three men since it was first awarded forty years ago. Elinor Ostrom is the first woman. And, like other winners over the years, her training is not limited to economics. She is a professor of political science and of public and environmental affairs.
Today, economic theory suggests that good resource management requires ownership, either private or public. If not, the thinking goes, then self-interest will lead to overuse and destruction of shared resources. Ecologist Garrett Hardin described this idea in nineteen sixty-eight as "the tragedy of the commons." Elinor Ostrom showed how local decision making can lessen the tragedy. Her research has deepened understanding of how people balance their needs with those of others who depend on the same resources. She studied communities like farmers in Southern California who depended on a common water supply. She documented how people who use resources often develop ways to share them. One example is forest management.
ELINOR OSTROM: "One of the absolutely key, most important variables as to whether or not a forest survives and continues is whether local people monitor each other and its use. Not officials, locals."
Oliver Williamson has studied big companies and found that they often are better than markets at doing complex jobs. Under his theory, businesses act as structures for conflict resolution. For example, companies that own their suppliers can avoid long-term contracts and disputes over prices. This can make production more efficient and make better use of limited resources. But businesses can also abuse their power. Professor Williamson says the best way to deal with this is not by limiting the size of companies, but through industry regulation.
(From the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter, 2009, October)