Rising Nuclear Tones
high |
very |
|
fairly |
|
|
mid |
high |
|
low |
|
|
low |
fairly |
|
very |
|
High-Narrow Rise |
The voice rises from a mid-high to a high pitch level. |
|
´m |
It expresses surprise, incredulity and is used in interrogative repetitions. |
Mid-Wide Rise |
The voice rises from a mid-low to a high pitch level. |
|
|
It’s neutral and is used in general, disjunctive and alternative questions. |
Low-Wide Rise |
The voice rises from the bottom of the voice range to the middle of it. |
|
m |
It’s used in non-final intonation groups; in final intonation group. It expresses warm and friendly attitude. |
Low-Narrow Rise |
The voice rises from the bottom of the voice range to the mid-low pitch level. |
|
̗m |
It expresses non-assertiveness (настойчивость), lack of interest and is used in casual remarks and afterthoughts. |
m
Falling Nuclear Tones
high |
very |
|
fairly |
|
|
mid |
high |
|
low |
|
|
low |
fairly |
|
very |
|
High-Narrow Fall |
The voice falls from the top of the voice range to the middle of it. |
|
̀m |
It sounds lightly and airily and is used in direct addresses and short comments expressing agreement.. |
Mid-Wide Rise |
The voice falls from the top of the voice range to the bottom of it. |
|
|
It expresses personal concern, involvement, insistence, protest. |
Low-Wide Rise |
The falls from the mid-high pitch level to the bottom of the voice range. |
|
|
It’s used in neutral, unemotional speech.. |
Low-Narrow Rise |
The voice falls from the mid-low pitch level to the bottom of the voice range. |
|
̖m |
It sounds phlegmatic, calm, detached, reserved, cool. |
m
m
Falling-Rising Nuclear Tones
2 Pitch types:
`′Fine
̖ ̗Fine
3 Structural types:
`′Fine
`′Perfectly
I `′think so
I ̀think ̗so
Implications:
Hesitation;
Warning;
Correction;
Cordiality;
Apology;
Uncertainty;
Contradiction;
Contrast;
Emphasize.
The Rising-Falling Nuclear Tone (criticism, quizzical)
One-syllable Rise-Fall
´
̀No.
Two syllable Rise-Fall
´
̀Thank you.
Three-syllable Rise-Fall
´
̀ Show me one.
Tune is an intonation model of the utterance. Тональный контур высказывания. Интонационная структура высказывания.
Tone is a part of the tune. Kinetic (nucleus; nuclear tone), static.
Nucleus is the stressed syllable of the most important word semantically and is usually it is the last notional word.
Head is the part of the utterance from the onset (first full is stressed syllable) up to the nucleus not including it.
Prehead
Tail
Nucleus is the obligatory component of the tune.
You
̍won't be ̍back till ̀Saturday.