Examples of Krok 1 tests

63. The formation of a secondary mediator is obligatory in membrane-intracellular mechanism of hormone action. Point out the substance that is unable to be a secondary mediator:

A. Glycerol

B. Diacylglycerol

C. Inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate

D. cAMP

E. Ca²⁺

64. On some diseases it is observed aldosteronism with hypertension and edema due to sodium retention in the organism. What organ of the internal secretion is affected on aldosteronism?

A. Adrenal glands

B. Testicle

C. Ovaries

D. Pancreas

E. Hypophysis

65. A typical symptom of cholera is body water loss and sodium ions loss. The biochemical mechanism of unfavorable action of cholera toxin consists in:

1. Activation of adenilate cyclase activity of enterocytes

2. Activation of synthesis of atrial natriuretic factor

3. Decrease of synthesis of antidiuretic hormone in hypothalamus

4. Stimulation of rennin secretion by the cells of kidneys glomerular arteriolae

5. Activated oxidation of aldosterone in the cells of adrenal glands

66. A women with low arterial pressure after the parenteral introduction of a certain hormone showed the essential rise of arterial pressure as well as blood levels of glucose and lipids. What hormone was administered to the patient?

1. Adrenaline

2. Insulin

3. Glucagon

4. Progesterone

5. Estradiol

67. Biologically active substances, especially hormones, are products of hydrolysis and modification of certain proteins. From which of the listed below proteins do lipotropin, cortcotropin, melanotropin and endorphins appear in hypophisis?

1. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)

2. Neuroalbumins

3. Neurostromin

4. Neuroglobulin

5. Thyreoglobulin

68. A 52 year-old patient with bronchial asthma was treated with glucocorticoids. Fever reaction appeared as a result of postinjective abscess. The patient had subfebrile temperature, which didn’t correspond to latitude and severity of inflammatory process. Why did patient have low fever reaction?

1. Inhibited endogen pyrogens production

2. Violation of heat loss through lungs

3. Inflammatory barrier formation in injection place

4. Violation of heat-producing mechanisms

5. Thermoregulation center inhibition

69. Aspirin has antiinflammatory effect due to inhibition of the cyclooxygenase activity. Level of what biological active acids will decrease?

1. Prostaglandins

2. Leucotriens

3. Catecholamines

4. Biogenic amines

5. Iodinethyronyns

70. Increased production of thyroidal hormones T₃ and T₄, weight loss, tachycardia, psychic excitement and so on present on thyrotoxicosis. How do thyroidal hormones effect energy metabolism in the mitochondrion of cells?

1. Disconnect oxidation and oxidated phosphorylation

2. Activates phosphorylation of substance

3. Stops phosphorylation of substance

4. Stops respiratory chain

5. Activates oxidated phosphorylation

71. Products of some proteins hydrolysis and modification are the biologically active substances called hormones. Lipotropin, corticotropin, melanotropin and endorphins are synthesized in the hypophysis of the following protein:

1. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)

2. Neuroalbumin

3. Neurostromin

4. Neuroglobulin

5. Thyreoglobulin

72. Utilization of arachidonic acid via cyclooxigenase pathway results in formation of some bioactive substances. Name them:

1. Prostaglandins

2. Thyroxine

3. Biogenic amins

4. Somatomedins

5. Insulin-like growth factors

73. A 45 y.o. woman suffers from Cushing's syndrome – steroid diabetes. Biochemical examination revealed: hyperglycemia, hypochloremia. Which of the under-mentioned processes is the first to be activated?

1. Gluconeogenesis

2. Glycogenolysis

3. Glucose reabsorption

4. Glucose transport to the cell

5. Glycolysis

74. The patient with complaints of permanent thirst applied to the doctor. Hyperglycemia, polyuria and increased concentration of 17-ketosteroids in the urine were revealed. What disease is the most likely?

1. Steroid diabetes

2. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

3. Myxoedema

4. Type I glycogenosis

5. Addison's disease

75. Pregnant women have a requirement in the promoted amount of cholecalciferol; one of its metabolite is a powerful synergist of parathormone, which stimulates the process of bone resorbtion and output of calcium and phosphates in blood. name this metabolit?

A. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol

B. 1-hydroxycholecalciferol

C. Cholecalciferol

D. Ergocalciferol

E. 25-Hydroxycalciferol

76. A woman 47 years old complains for persistent feeling of thirst, rapid fatigue, loss of weight. Daily diuresis is 3-4 l. Blood glucose level is 4,8 mmoles/l, in urine there is no glucose. In this case it is reasonable to investigate blood content of:

A. Vasopressine

B. Estrogens

C. Aldosterone

D. Cortisole

E. Thyroxine

77. A 40-year-old woman suffers from Cushing's disease, so-called steroid diabetes. Hyperglycemia and hypochlorinemia are biochemically exposed. Which of the following biochemical processes is activated in the first place?

A. Gluconeogenesis.

B. Glycogenolysis.

C. Reabsorbtion of glucose.

D. Transport of glucose into cells. .

E. Glycolysis.