Вариант IX

Elections in Great Britain

I.Пpочитайте тест и письменно ответьте на вопрос, следующие за ним.

1. The maximum life of the House of Commons has been restricted to five years since the Parliament Act 1911. The franchise (right to vote) became universal for men in the nineteenth century. Women's suffrage came in two stages (1918 and .1928).

2. For parliamentary elections the· United Kingdom is divided

. into 650 constituencies of roughly equal population. The average constituency contains about 60,000 registered votes. Any British citizen from the age of 18 registered as an elector for the constituency elects a single member to the House of Commons.

3. Voting is on the same day (usually on Thursday) in all constituencies, and the voting stations are open from 7 in the morning till 9 at night. Each voter has only one vote, if he knows that he will be unable to vote, because he is ill or has moved away or must be away on business, he may apply in advance to be allowed to send his vote by post. Voting is not compulsory. But in the autumn of each year every householder is obliged by law to enter on the register of electors the name of every resident who is entitled to vote. Much work is done to ensure that the register is complete and accurate. It's only possible to vote at the polling station appropriate to one's address.

4. As in Britain the political scene is dominated by the Conservatives and the Labor Party, in every constituency each of these parties has a local organization whose first task is to choose the candidate and which then helps him to conduct his local campaign. Any British subject can be nominated as a candidate, there is no need to live in the area, though peers, clergymen, lunatics and felons in prison are disqualified from sitting in thе House of Commons.

5. There are, usually more than two candidates for each seat.

The candidate who wins the most votes is elected. This practice is known as the majority electoral system.

1. How often are the elections held in Great Britain?

2. How many constituencies are there in the United Kingdom?

3. Are electors allowed to vote by post?

4. Is voting compulsory?

5. Who can be nominated a candidate at the election?

6. What's «the majority electoral system»?

Il. Пucьменно переведите 2-й и 4-й абзацы текста.

Ill. По суффиксу определите и отберите: 1) существительные , 2) прилагательные, 3) глаголы, 4) наречия:

restriction, universal, parliamentary, elections, roughly, population, equally, constituency, Parliament, station, voter, compulsory, householder, elector, accurate, appropriate organization, conservative, local, majority, electoral, broaden. '

IV. Onpeделите видовременные формы глаголов в следующих предложениях.

1. People did not realize the importance of this problem a few years ago. 2. Only by the beginning of the 20th century the actual evidence of the strength of the British labor movement had appeared. 3. I think he has achieved great success in his studies. 4. Economic cooperation with foreign countries is gaining a growing importance now. 5. We shall discuss new aspects of privatization at the next seminar.

V. Пpeo6paзуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный.

1. The Parliament Act 1911 has restricted the life of the House of Commons. 2: Electoral law divides the United Kingdom into 650 constituencies. 3. Each constituency will elect a single member to the House of Commons. 4. The authorities allowed their electors to send votes by post. 5. The committee is still discussing the bill.

VI. Переведите предложения содержащие модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

1. Any British citizen from the age of 18 can be registered as an elector for the constituency. 2. If a person is unable to vote because he is ill he may be allowed to vote by post. 3. To be a candidate a person needn't live in the area. 4. Every householder must enter on the register of electors the names of all residents who can vote. 5. During the cold war Europe had to choose between another war or peaceful coexistence. 6. Each member of the General Assembly is to vote only once.

VIII. Bыберите нужное местоимение из данных в скобках.

1. At present (some, any) person knows almost everything about this phenomenon. 2. He is absent today. I'm afraid (something, anything) has happened to him. 3. (Some, any) centuries ago people did not know (anything, nothing) about electricity. 4. I'm sorry, I couldn't find (something, anything) in this article.

IX. Пocmaвьте сказуемое в придаточных предложениях в нужную видовременную форму, учитывая правило согласования времен.

1. She said she (to be) a first-year student of the Law Faculty.

2. They hoped they (to become) qualified specialists in future.

2. My friend told me he already (to translate) the article. 4. I knew he (to be going) on a business trip.

ВАРИАНТ X

1. Прочитайте текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы.

Administration of Justice in Great Britain

1. Persons offending against the law are summoned before a court of law. The summons issued by the court states the charges moved against the offender by the persons sueing him. When a defendant is brought before a court the charge is read out to him and he is asked whether he pleads guilty or not guilty. If he pleads guilty he is sentenced by the court. If he pleads not guilty, a jury of 12 persons must be formed and summoned to attend the court.

2. The trial begins with opening the case for the prosecuting party and hearing the evidence of the witnesses for the prosecution. On the completion of the plaintiff's case and evidence, the defendant's case is stated and evidence is heard in support of it.

3. The accused is entitled to be defended by the counsel. Witnesses for the prosecution may be cross-examined by the accused or his counsel. The accused may call witnesses or give evidence in his own defense. At the conclusion of the evidence, and after speeches on both sides, the judge sums up the case to the jury. The jury considers the verdict. If they decide that the accused is not guilty, he is immediately discharged. If the jury returns the verdict of guilty, sentence is pronounced by the judge.

4. The following punishments for crime can be inflicted: life imprisonment, imprisonment consisting in corrective training or preventive detention; detention centers for juvenile delinquents², persons between 16 and 21, convicted of offences punishable with imprisonment; fine, a money penalty, ,generally imposed for minor offences; probation³ - placing the offender under the supervision of a probation officer and 'so on.

5. The defendant may appeal against the sentence to the Court of Appeal up to the House of Lords, which is the supreme judicial body of Great Britain.

Notes:

1 detention centre – центры заключения

2 juvenile delinquent – несовершеннолетний правонарушитель

3. probation - испытание

4. probation officer – инспектор, наблюдающий за преступником

1. What does the summons state?

2. When is a defendant sentenced by the court?

3. Whom is the accused defended by?

4. For what offences is a fine imposed?

5. What is the supreme judicial body in Great Britain?

II.Письменно переведите 3-й и 4-й абзацы текста.

Ill. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в нужной видовременной форме.

1. We (to have) a lecture on criminology next Monday. 2. A number of important documents (to sign) already. 3. The accused (to guarantee) the right to defense. 4. When the felon (to commit) the crime he knew it was unlawful. 5. When all the evidence (to give) counsels for both sides made speeches.

IV. Из второго абзаца текста выпишите предложения, содержащие слова с суффиксом -ing. Onpeделите, какой частью речи он является.

V. Подчеркните в следующих предложениях инфинитив и определите его форму и функцию.

1. Witnesses for the prosecution may be cross-examined. 2. The House of Lords has no power to throw out a bill relating to money. 3. The defendant preferred to make a statement through his solicitor. 4. The object of punishment is to reform and educate the guilty person. 5. The judge must have discharged one of the jurors. 6. He went to Oxford to study law.

VI. Пеpeвeдите предложения, содержащие конструкции с неличными формами глаголов.

1. A bill being signed by the Queen, it becomes an act of Parliament. 2. For the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on any legal questions it must have a request from the General Assembly or the Security Council. 3. We expect him to conduct the defence. 4. They heard the plaintiff give evidence. 5. The arrest of the criminal is reported to have been affected. 6. Any state machine is known to reflect the interests of the ruling class.

VII. Pacкройте скобки, употребляя нужную форму глаголов в придаточных условных предложениях.

1. If a barrister (to agree) lie will take this case. 2. If you (to be) absolutely sincere with your solicitor he would help you. 3. This man would not have been imprisoned if he (not to violate) the law.

VIII. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции и значения слов it u one.

1. It is not easy to cross-examine all witnesses in a short period of time. 2. Law cannot be separated from the judges who interpret and administer it. 3. It is the Cabinet and not Parliament that controls and runs the nation's affairs in England. 4. Business contacts as well as cultural ones contribute to mutual understanding and trust among peoples. 5. One must observe the law.

IX. Определите тип предложения. В бессоюзных придаточных предложениях отметьте, где может находиться опущенный союз.

1. The basic law of the USA is the Constitution which was adopted in 1789. 2. I hope they received the sentence they deserved. 3. Counsel for the defense tried to show that the accused was not guilty.