1.0 Біологія
1
Woman applied to the medico-genetic consulting centre for information about the risk of
haemophilia in her son. Her husband has been suffering from this disease since birth. Woman
and her parents are healthy (don't have haemophilia). Is the boy likely to have the disease in this
family?
A All boys will be healthy
B All boys will be ill
C 50% of the boys will be ill
D 25% of the boys will be ill
E 75% of the boys will be ill
2
A man suffering from a hereditary disease married a healthy woman. They got 5 children, three
girls and two boys. All the girls inherited their father’s disease. What is the type of the disease
inheritance?
A Dominant, X-linked
B Autosomal recessive
C Asutosomal dominant
D Y-linked
E Recessive, X-linked
3
A couple has a son with haemophilia. The parents are healthy but the maternal grandfather also
has haemophilia. Specify the type of inheritance:
A Recessive sex-linked
B Recessive autosomal
C Dominant sex-linked
D Semidominance
E Autosomal dominant
4
Examination of newborns in one of the Ukrainian cities revealed a baby with phenylketonuria.
The baby's parents don't suffer from this disease and have two other healthy children. Specify
the most likely parents' genotype with phenylketonuria gene:
A Аа х Аа
B АА х аа
C аа х аа
D Аа х аа
E Аа х АА
5
Electrocardiogram of a 45-year-old man showed absence of P-wave in all the leads. What part
of the conducting system is blocked?
A Sinu-atrial node
B Atrioventricular node
C Common branch of the bundle of His
D Branches of the bundle of His
E Purkinje’s fibres
6
When a patient with traumatic impairment of the brain was examined, it was discovered that he
had stopped to distinguish displacement of an object on the skin. What part of the brain was
damaged?
A Posterior central gurus
B Occipital zone of the cortex
C Parietal zone of the cortex
D Frontal central gurus
E Frontal zone
7
Different functional groups can be presented in the structure of L-amino acid’s radicals. Identify
the group that is able to form ester bond:
A -OH
B -SH
C -CONH2
D -CH3
E -NH2
8
The conjugated protein necessarily contains special component as a non-protein part. Choose
the substance that can’t carry out this function:
A HNO3
B АТP
C Thiamine pyrophosphate
D AMP
E Glucose
9
Moving of the daughter chromatids to the poles of the cell is observed in the mitotically dividing
cell. On what stage of the mitotic cycle is this cell?
A Anaphase
B Metaphase
C Telophase
D Prophase
E Interfase
10
The patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered in hospital in the state of
unconsciousness. Arterial pressure is low. The patient has acidosis. Point substances, which
accumulation in the blood results in these manifestations:
A Ketone bodies
B Amino acids
C Monosaccharides
D High fatty acids
E Cholesterol esters
11
A 58-year-old female has undergone surgery for necrotic bowel. Despite having been treated
with antibiotics, on postoperative day 5, she develops symptoms (fever, hypotension,
tachycardia, declining urine output, and confusion) consistent with septic shock. What
hemodynamic support would be helpful?
A Fluids and Dobutamine infusion
B Dobutamine infusion
C Antibiotic administration
D Fluid administration
E Atropine administration
12
It was proved that a molecule of immature mRNA (precursor mRNA) contained more triplets
than amino acids found in the synthesized protein. The reason for that is that translation is
normally preceded by:
A Processing
B Initiation
C Reparation
D Mutation
E Replication
13
Examination of a patient revealed reduced contents of magnesium ions that are necessary for
attachment of ribosomes to the granular endoplasmatic reticulum. It is known that it causes
disturbance of protein biosynthesis. What stage of protein biosynthesis will be disturbed?
A Translation
B Transcription
C Replication
D Aminoacid activation
E Termination
14
Patient 54 year-old, 5th day after surgical operation. Blood count: Erythrocytes 3,6*1012/l,
Hemoglobin 95 g/l, Erythrocyte’s hemoglobin content (color index) 0,78; Leukocytes
16*109l, Platelets 450*109l Blood picture: anizocytosis, poikilocytosis, reticulocytes-
3,8%. What anemia does this patient have?
A Acute posthemorragic anemia
B Acquired hemolytic anemia
C Anemia from iron deficiency
D Hypoplastic anemia
E Chronic posthemorragic anemia
15
The patient with pneumonia was treated with antibiotics for a long period. After treatment patient
complains of frequent and watery stool, abdomenal pain. What is the reason of intestine
function disorder?
A Intestinal disbacteriosis development
B Antibiotics toxic influence on the GIT
C Autoimmune reaction development
D Bacteria toxins influence
E Hereditary enzyme defect
16
A 16 year-old patient got numerous traumas in automobile accident. Now the patient is haning a
shock. АP - 80/60 mm Hg. daily urine volume 60-80 ml. What pathogenic mechanism leads to
kidneys function violation?
A Decreased hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries
B Increased osmotic pressure in glomerular capillaries
C Increased pressure in Bowman’s capsule
D Increased vasopressin blood concentration
E Trauma of the urinary bladder
17
A 46 year-old patient has complained of headache, fatigue, thirst, pains in the spine and joints
for the last 2 years. Clinically observed disproportional enlargement of hands, feet, nose,
superciliary arches. He notes that he needed to buy bigger shoes three times. What is the main
reason of such disproportional enlargement of different parts of the body?
A Cartilaginous tissue proliferation under growth hormone influence
B Increased sensitivity of the tissues to growth hormone
C Joints dystrophy development
D Increased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin
E Joints chronic inflammation development
18
A 55-year-old patient with continuing ventricular arrhythmias was admitted to the hospital. The
patient is taking timolol drops for glaucoma, daily insulin injections for diabetes mellitus, and an
ACE inhibitor for hypertension. You have decided to use phenytoin instead of procainamide.
What is the reason?
A The anticholinergic effect of procainamide would aggravate glaucoma
B The local anesthetic effect of procainamide would potentiate diabetes
C The hypertensive effects of procainamide would aggravate the hypertension
D The local anesthetic effect of procainamide would aggravate the hypertension
E The cholinergic effects of procainamide would aggravate the diabetes
19
A 25-year-old woman with red and itchy eczematoid dermatitis visits your office. She had a
dental procedure one day earlier with administration of a local anesthetic. There were no other
findings, although she indicated that she had a history of allergic reactions. Which of the
following drugs is most likely involved?
A Procaine
B Cocaine
C Lidocaine
D Bupivacaine
E Etidocaine
20
The CNS stimulation produced by methylxanthines, such as caffeine, is most likely due to the
antagonism of one of the following receptors:
A Adenosine receptors
B Glycine receptors
C Glutamate receptors
D GABA receptors
E Cholinergic muscarinic receptors
21
Patients with similar complaints applied to the doctor: weakness, pain in the intestines, disorder
of GIT. Examination of the faeces revealed that one patient with four nucleus cysts should be
hospitalized immidiately. For what protozoa are such cysts typical?
A Dysenteric amoeba
B Intestinal amoeba
C Balantidium
D Trichomonas
E Lamblia
22
According to the data of WHO, for about 250 mln of Earth population fall ill with malaria. This
disease is mostly spread in tropical and subtropical regions. Range of its spread falls into the
areal of the following mosquitoes:
A Anopheles
B Culex
C Aedes
D Mansonia
E Culiseta
23
Labeled aminoacids alanine and tryptophane were introducted to a mouse in order to study
localization of protein biosynthesis in its cells. Around what organellas will the accumulation of
labeled aminoacids be observed?
A Ribosomes
B Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
C Cell centre
D Lysosomes
E Golgi apparatus
24
Highly injured person gradually died. Please choose the indicator of biological death:
A Autolysis and decay in the cells
B Disarray of chemical processes
C Loss of consciousness
D Absence of palpitation
E Absence of movements
25
After breathing with poisonous steams there is an increased quantity of slime in respiratory
passages of a chemical production worker. What of respiratory tract epithelial cells participate
in mucousa moistening?
A Goblet cells
B Fibroblasts
C Endocrine cells
D Langergans cells
E Intercalated cells
26
A patient suffering from thyrotoxicosis symptoms of vegetoasthenic syndrome was revealed.
What of the following would show the histological appearance of a thyroid gland being stimulated
by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
A Columnar-shaped follicular cells
B Decreased numbers of follicular cells
C Increased numbers of parafollicular cells
D An abundance of colloid in the lumen of the follicle
E Decreased numbers of parafollicular capillaries
27
The reason of occurrence of some diseases of an oral cavity is connected with structural
peculiarities of its mucous membrane. What morphological attributes characterize these
features?
A No muscularis mucosa, stratified squamous epithelium
B Transitional epithelium, no submucosa
C Simple columnar ciliated epithelium
D Well developed muscularis, no submucosa
E Transitional epithelium, no muscularis mucosa
28
There is the change of teeth at the 6-8-year-old children: deciduous are replaced by
permanent. What embrionic tissues are the sources of formation of permanent teeth tissues?
A Ectodermal epithelium of a tooth plate and mesenhime
B Entodermal epithelium of a tooth plate and mesenhime
C Mesodermal epithelium and mesenhime
D I, II brachial arches
E Entodermal epithelium and mesoderm
29
The B cells of endocrine portion of pancreas are selectively damaged by alloxan poisoning. How
will it be reflected in blood plasma?
A The content of sugar increases
B The content of fibrinogen decrease
C The level of sugar decreases
D The content of globulins decreases
E The content of albumins decreases
30
In some regions of South Africa there is a spread sickle-shaped cell anemia, in which
erythrocytes have shape of a sickle as a result of substitution of glutamin by valine in the
hemoglobin molecule. What is the cause of this disease?
A Gene mutation
B Disturbance of mechanisms of genetic information realization
C Crossingover
D Genomic mutations
E Transduction
31
A female patient consulted a physician about digestive disorder, extended abdominal pain.
Examination revealed drastic decrease in hemoglobin concentration. It is known from the
anamnesis that while living in the Far East the patient used to eat freshly-salted caviar. Some
relatives living with her had the similar condition. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A Diphyllobothriasis
B Echinococcosis
C Teniasis
D Trichiniasis
E Ascaridiasis
32
On autopsy of a still-born infant it is revealed heart development abnormalities: ventricles are
not separated, originates from the right part single arterial trunk. For what class of vertebrate is
such heart construction characteristic?
A Amphibian
B Fishes
C Reptiles
D Mammals
E Birds
33
If strong oxidizers get into the bloodstream, a methemoglobin is formed. It is a compound, where
iron (II) becomes iron (III). What has to be done to save the patient?
A Interchangeable hemotransfusion has to be done
B Patient has to be exposed to the fresh air
C He has to be calmed down and put to bed
D He has to be given pure oxygen
E Respiratory centers have to be stimulated
34
A 10-year-old child complains of weakness, nausea, irritability. Helminthes of white color and
5-10 mm long were found on the underwear. On microscopy of the scrape from the perianal
folds achromic ova of the unsymmetrical form were revealed. Indicate what helminth is
parasiting on the child?
A Enterobins vermicularis
B Ascaris lumbricoides
C ancylostoma duodenalis
D Trichina
E Trichuris
35
Parents with ill child came to the infectionist. They worked in one of the Asian countries for a
long time. Child has eathy colored skin, loss of appetite, laxity, enlarged liver, spleen, peripheral
glands. What protozoan illness can this child have?
A Visceral leishmaniasis
B Balantidiasis
C Amebiasis
D Toxoplasmosis
E Lambliasis
36
White-haired, with blue eyes girl was born in healthy parents. Irritability, anxiety, troubled sleep
and feeding developed in the first months of life of the infant. What method of genetic
investigation should be used for the exact diagnosis?
A Biochemical
B Cytological
C Twin
D Genealogical
E Population-statistical
37
The calcium canals of cardiomyocytes have been blocked on an isolated rabbit's heart. What
changes in the heart's activity can happen as a result?
A Decreased rate and force of heart beat
B Decreased heart beat rate
C Decreased force of the contraction
D Heart stops in systole
E Heart stops in diastole
38
After the trauma, the patient’s right n.vagus was damaged. Which violation of the cardiac
activity is possible in this case?
A Violation of the automatism of a Kiss-Fleck node
B Violation of the automatism of a atrio-ventricular node
C Violation of a conductivity in the right auricle
D Block of a conductivity in the atrio-ventricular node
E Arrhythmia
39
In the ovary specimen colored with hematoxylin-eosin, follicle is determined where
cubic-shaped follicle epithelium cells are placed in 1-2 layers, and scarlet covering is seen
around ovocyte. Name this follicle:
A Primary
B Primordial
C Secondary
D Mature
E Atretic
40
While studing of the family tree with history of hypertrichosis (hyperhirsutism of the ear) this
sign was founded only in the men and it was inherited from father to the son. Define the type of
hypertrichosis inheritance?
A Connected with Y-chromosome
B Autosomal- recessive
C Autosomal-dominant
D Connected with Х-chromosome recessive
E Connected with Х-chromosome dominant
41
In the perianal folds of a 5-year-old girl her mother has found some white "worms" that caused
itch and anxiety in the child. The "worms" were sent to the laboratory. During examination the
physician saw white filiform helminths 0,5-1 cm long, with pointed ends, some helminths had
twisted ends. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A Enterobiasis
B Diphyllobothriasis
C Teniasis
D Ascaridiasis
E Opisthorchiasis
42
Part of the DNA chain turned about 180 degree due to gamma radiation. What type of mutation
took place in the DNA chain?
A Inversion
B Deletion
C Doubling
D Translocation
E Replication
43
46 chromosomes were revealed on karyotype examination of the 5-year-old girl. One of the
15th pair of chromosomes is longer than usual due to connected chromosome from the 21 pair.
What type of mutation does this girl have?
A Translocation
B Deletion
C Inversion
D Insufficiency
E Duplication
44
A pregnant woman had been having toxicosis with severe repeated vomiting for 24 hours. In the
end of the day there appeared tetanic convulsions and fluid loss. What shift of acid-base state
caused these changes?
A Excretory alkalosis
B Gaseous alkalosis
C Gaseous acidosis
D Metabolic acidosis
E Excretory acidosis
45
Genetic structure of eukaryote is "exon-intron-exon". This structure-functional organization of
gene caused transcription peculiarities. What will be pro-i-RNA according to the schema?
A Exon-intron-exon
B Exon-exon-intron
C Exon-exon
D Intron-exon
E Exon-intron
46
Medical examination at the military registration and enlistment office revealed that a 15-year-old
boy was high, with eunuchoid body proportions, gynecomastia, female pattern of pubic hair
distribution. The boy had also fat deposits on the thighs, no facial hair, high voice, subnormal
intelligence quotient. Which karyotype corresponds with this disease?
A 47, XXY
B 45, XO
C 46, XX
D 46, XY
E 47, XXX
47
RNA that contains AIDS virus penetrated into a leukocyte and by means of reverse
transcriptase forced a cell to synthetize a viral DNA. This process is based upon:
A Reverse transcription
B Operon repression
C Reverse translation
D Operon depression
E Convariant replication
48
According to the model of double DNA helix that was suggested by Watson and Creek, it was
established that one of chains would not be lost during replication and the second chain would
be synthesized complementary to the first one. What way of replication is it?
A Semiconservative
B Analogous
C Identical
D Dispersed
E Conservative
49
A teenager was irradiated with high radiation dose that resulted in serious damages of lymphoid
system, lysis of many lymphocytes. Restoration of normal hemogram is possible due to the
functioning of the following gland:
A Thymus
B Thyroid
C Liver
D Pancreas
E Adrenal
50
It was revealed that T-lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Virus enzyme - reverse transcriptase
(RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) - catalyzes the synthesis of:
A DNA on the matrix of virus mRNA
B Virus informational RNA on the matrix of DNA
C DNA on virus ribosomal RNA
D Viral DNA on DNA matrix
E mRNA on the matrix of virus protein
51
A patient after pathological process has a thickened alveolar membrane. The direct
consequence of the process will be the reduction of:
A Diffuse lung capacity
B Oxygen capacity of blood
C Minute respiratory capacity
D Alveolar lung ventilation
E Reserve expiratiory capacity
52
Autopsy of a newborn boy revealed polydactylia, microcephalia, cheiloschisis and uranoschisis
as well as hypertrophy of parenchimatous organs. These defects correspond with the
description of Patau's syndrome. What is the most probable cause of this pathology?
A Trisomy of the 13th chromosome
B Trisomy of the 18th chromosome
C Trisomy of the 21st chromosome
D Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes
E Partial monosomy
53
An ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosin presents a follicle, where cells of follicular
epithelium are placed in 1-2 layers and have cubic form, there is a bright-red membrane around
the ovocyte. What follicle is it?
A Primary
B Primordial
C Secondary
D Mature
E Atretic
54
A patient has symptoms of inflammation of urogenital tracts. Examination of a vaginal smear
revealed big monocellular, pear-shaped organisms with the pointed spike at the posterior end of
body, big nucleus and undulating membrane. What protozoa were found in the smear?
A Trichomonas vaginalis
B Trichomonas hominis
C Trichomonas buccalis
D Trypanosoma gambiense
E Lamblia intestinalis
55
During regular examination of schoolchildren it was revealed that a 10 year old girl had
asymmetric oval eggs with a larva in the scrape from her perianal folds. What diagnosis should
be made?
A Enterobiasis
B Ascariasis
C Amebiasis
D Trichocephalosis
E Ankylostomiasis
56
A woman delivered a dead child with multiple developmental defects. What protozoan disease
might have caused the intrauterine death?
A Toxoplasmosis
B Leishmaniasis
C Malaria
D Amebiasis
E Lambliasis
57
Tuberculosis can be treated by means of combined chemotherapy that includes substances with
different mechanisms of action.What antituberculous medication inhibits transcription of RNA
into DNA in mycobacteria?
A Rifampicin
B Isoniazid
C Streptomycin
D Ethionamide
E Para-aminosalicylic acid
58
A patient experienced a sudden temperature rise up to 390С. After 6 hours the temperature
normalized. On the 2-nd day the attack recurred: in the period of paroxysm the temperature
reached 410С, apyrexial period began after 8 hours. What type of temperature profile is it?
A Intermitting
B Recurrent
C Hectic
D Septic
E Continued
59
Larvae were detected occasionally on the microscopic examination of the sputum of the patient
with pneumonia. Eosinophiles were detected on the blood examination. What helminthiasis can
be diagnosed?
A Ascariasis
B Enterobiosis
C Trichocephaliasis
D Paragonimiasis
E Opistorchis
60
You are studying functioning of a bacteria operon. The operator gene has been released from
the repressor gene. Immediately after this the following process will start in the cell:
A Transcription
B Translation
C Replication
D Processing
E Repression
61
While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human karyotype the process of cell
division was stopped in the following phase:
A Metaphase
B Prophase
C Interphase
D Anaphase
E Telophase
62
It is known that the gene responsible for development of blood groups according to AB0 system
has three allele variants. If a man has IV blood group, it can be explained by the following
variability form:
A Combinative
B Mutational
C Phenotypic
D Genocopy
E Phenocopy
63
A patient complains of pain in the area of his liver. Duodenal intubation revealed yellowish, oval,
narrowed at the poles eggs with an operculum at the end. Size of these eggs is the smallest
among all helminth eggs. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A Opisthorchosis
B Teniasis
C Beef tapeworm infection
D Echinococcosis
E Diphyllobothriasis
64
A patient consulted an urologist about pain during urination. Analysis of his urine taken in the
daytime revealed eggs with a characteristic sharp point. It is known from the anamnesis that the
patient has recently returned from Australia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A Urogenital schistosomiasis
B Intestinal schistosomiasis
C Japanese schistosomiasis
D Opisthorchiasis
E Dicroceliasis
65
A child complains of general weakness, loss of appetite, a troubled sleep, itching in the perianal
area. The provisional diagnosis is enterobiasis. In order to specify this diagnosis it is necessary
to perform:
A Scraping from perianal folds
B Roentgenoscopy
C Biopsy of muscle tissue
D Immune diagnostics
E Duodenal contents analysis
66
The cell of the laboratory animal was overdosed with Roentgen rays. As a result albuminous
fragments formed in the cytoplasm. What cell organoid will take part at their utilization?
A Lysosomes
B Golgi complex
C Ribosome
D Endoplasmic reticulum
E Cells centre
67
In course of practical training students studied a stained blood smear of a mouse with bacteria
phagocyted by leukocytes. What cell organella completes digestion of these bacteria?
A Lisosomes
B Mytochondrions
C Granular endoplasmic reticulum
D Golgi apparatus
E Ribosomes
68
A woman with ІІІ (B), Rh- blood group born a child with ІІ (A) blood group. The child
is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn as a result of rhesus incompatibility. What
blood group is the child's father likely to have?
A ІІ (A), Rh+
B I (0), Rh+
C III (B), Rh+
D I (0), Rh-
E II (A), Rh-
69
According to the phenotypic diagnosis a female patient has been provisionally diagnosed with
X-chromosome polysomia. This diagnosis can be confirmed by a cytogenetic method. What
karyotype will allow to confirm the diagnosis?
A 47(ХХХ)
B 48(XXXY)
C 48(XXYY)
D 47(XXY)
E 46(XX)
70
Two days after consumption of smoked pork a patient got face and eye-lid edemata,
gastrointestinal disturbances, abrupt temperature rise, muscle pain. Blood analysis showed
full-blown eosinophilia. What helminth could the patient be infected with?
A Trichina
B Pinworm
C Ascarid
D Whipworm
E Hookworm
71
A lymph node punctate of a patient with suspected protozoal disease was examined.
Examination of the stained specimen (Romanovsky's stain) revealed some crescent bodies with
pointed end, blue cytoplasm and red nucleus. What protozoan were revealed in the smears?
A Toxoplasms
B Malarial plasmodiums
C Dermotropic leishmania
D Viscerotropic leishmania
E Trypanosomes
72
The guide of the scientific expedition in India was native who always was with his dog. What
invasive diseases can be transmitted by the dog if it is the source of invasion?
A Echinococcosis
B Teniasis
C Paragonimiasis
D Dicroceliasis
E Fascioliasis
73
A patient complains of skin itch, especially between fingers, in the inguinal creases, on the lower
abdomen. Examination of these regions revealed there some small vesicles. Laboratory
diagnostics allowed to establish that this condition had been caused by a representative of
Arthropoda. Specify the disease caused by this arthropod:
A Scabies
B Demodicosis
C Myiasis
D Pediculosis
E Dermatotropic leishmaniasis
74
A patient has acne on his face. Microspcopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas
revealed living porrect vermiform arthropoda 0,2-0,5 mm large with four pairs of short
extremities in the front part of their bodies. What is the laboratory diagnosis?
A Demodicosis
B Scabies
C Myiasis
D Pediculosis
E Phthiriasis
75
A family of students who came from Africa got a child with anemia signs. The child died soon.
Examination revealed that the child's erythrocytes have abnormal semilunar shape. Specify
genotypes of the child's parents:
A Аа х Аа
B Аа х аа
C АА х АА
D аа х аа
E Аа х АА
76
Examination of cell culture got from a patient with lysosomal pathology revealed accumulation of
great quantity of lipids in the lysosomes. What of the following diseases is this disturbance
typical for?
A Tay-Sachs disease
B Gout
C Phenylketonuria
D Wilson disease
E Galactosemia
77
A 39-year-old woman has madescence in the region of mammilla, a small ulcer with
inflammatory hyperemia and cutaneous edema. Histologic examination of tissue sampling from
this area revealed in the malpighian layer of thickened epidermis atypical cells with light and
optically empty cytoplasm, with no intracellular bridges. Such cells were also found in the orifice
of big mammal gland ducts. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A Paget's disease
B Intraductal cancer
C Basal cell carcinoma
D Epidermoid cancer
E Melanocarcinoma
78
Golgi complex exports substances from a cell due to the fusion of the membrane saccule with
the cell membrane. The saccule contents flows out. What process is it?
A Exocytosis
B Endocytosis
C Active transport
D Facilitated diffusion
E All answers are false
79
A patient working at a pig farm complains about paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid feces with
admixtures of mucus and blood, headache, weakness, fever. Examination of large intestine
revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm large, feces contained oval unicellular organisms
with cilia. What disease should be suspected?
A Balantidiasis
B Amebiasis
C Toxoplasmosis
D Lambliasis
E Trichomoniasis
80
A boy found a spider with the following morphological characteristics: it is 2 cm long, has
roundish black abdomen with two rows of red spots on its dorsal side; four pairs of jointed limbs
are covered with small black hairs. What arthropod is it?
A Karakurt spider
B Scorpion
C Solpuga
D Mite
E Tarantula
81
Normal, actively dividing cells of human red bone marrow are analyzed. What number of cells'
chromosomes is typical for G1 period?
A 46
B 48
C 47
D 45
E 23
82
A man has worked in an African country for 3 years. A month after his return to Ukraine he
consulted an ophthalmologist and complained about eye ache, eyelid edema, lacrimation and
temporary visual impairment. Underneath the eye conjunctiva the doctor revealed helminths
30-50 mm long with elongated filiform body. What diagnosis might be suspected?
A Filariasis
B Diphyllobothriasis
C Ascaridiasis
D Enterobiasis
E Trichocephaliasis
83
Life cycle of a cell includes the process of DNA autoreduplication. As a result of it
monochromatid chromosomes turn into bichromatid ones. What period of cell cycle does this
phenomenon fall into?
A S
B Go
C G1
D G2
E M
84
A 28-year-old female patient consulted a gynecologist about sterility. Examination revealed
underdeveloped ovaries and uterus, irregular menstrual cycle. Analysis of the sex chromatin
revealed 2 Barr’s bodies in most somatic cells. What chromosome disease is most likely?
A Triple X syndrome
B Edwards' syndrome
C Patau's syndrome
D Klinefelter's syndrome
E Turner's syndrome
85
A cell at the stage of mitosis anaphase was stimulated by colchicine that inhibits chromosome
separation to the poles. What type of mutation will be caused?
A Polyploidy
B Inversion
C Deletion
D Duplication
E Translocation
86
Examination of duodenal contents revealed some pyriform protozoa with twin nuclei and four
pairs of flagella. There were two supporting filaments between the nuclei and a suctorial disc on
the ventral side. What representative of protozoa was revealed in this patient?
A Lamblia
B Toxoplasma
C Leishmania
D Intestinal trichomonad
E Trypanosome
87
A shepherd who has tended sheep together with dogs consulted a doctor about pain in his right
subcostal area, nausea, vomiting. Roentgenoscopy revealed a tumour-like formation. What kind
of helminthiasis might be suspected?
A Echinococcosis
B Ascaridiasis
C Enterobiasis
D Taeniarhynchosis
E Taeniasis
88
A patient in a transplantation centre underwent heart transplantation. The organ was taken from
a donor who died in a road accident. Foreign heart can be rejected as a result of development
of transplantation immunity. It is usually prevented by means of:
A Immunosuppressors
B Chemotherapy
C Ultrasound
D Enzymes
E X-ray therapy
89
Following exposure to radiation a lot of mutant cells appeared in a patient. Some time later most
of them were detected and destroyed by the following cells of the immune system:
A T-lymphocytes-killers
B Plasmoblasts
C T-lymphocytes-supressors
D B-lymphocyte
E Stem cells
90
A gynaecologist was examining a patient and revealed symptoms of genital tract inflammation. A
smear from vagina contains pyriform protozoa with a spine, flagella at their front; there is also
an undulating membrane. What disease can be suspected?
A Urogenital trichomoniasis
B Lambliasis
C Intestinal trichomoniasis
D Toxoplasmosis
E Balantidiasis
91
A boy has I (I0I0) blood group and his sister has IV (IAIB) blood group. What blood
groups do their parents have?
A II (IАI0) and III (IВI0)
B II (IАIА) and III (IВI0)
C I (I0I0) and IV (IAIB)
D III (IВI0) and IV (IAIB)
E I (I0I0) and III (IВI0)
92
For the purpose of myocardium infarction treatment a patient was injected with embryonal stem
cells derived from this very patient by means of therapeutic cloning . What transplantation type
is it?
A Autotransplantation
B Allotransplantation
C Xenotransplantation
D Isotransplantation
E Heterotransplantation
93
An alcoholic woman has born a girl with mental and physical developmental lag. Doctors
diagnosed the girl with fetal alcohol syndrome. What effect is the cause of the girl's state?
A Teratogenic
B Mutagenic
C Malignization
D Carcinogenic
E Mechanic
94
Sex chromosomes of a woman didn't separate and move to the opposite poles of a cell during
gametogenesis (meiosis). The ovum was impregnated with a normal spermatozoon. Which
chromosomal disease can be found in her child?
A Turner's syndrome
B Down's syndrome
C Patau's syndrome
D Edwards' syndrome
E Cat cry syndrome
95
Hartnup disease is caused by point mutation of only one gene which results in disturbance of
tryptophane absorption in the bowels and its resorption in the renal tubules. It is the reason for
disorder of both digestive and urination systems. What genetic phenomenon is observed in this
case?
A Pleiotropy
B Complementary interaction
C Polymery
D Codominance
E Semidominance
96
Cytogenetic examination of a patient with reproductive dysfunction revealed normal karyotype
46 ХY in some cells, but most cells have karyotype of Klinefelter's syndrome - 47 ХХY. Such cell heterogenity is called:
A Mosaicism
B Inversion
C Transposition
D Duplication
E Monomorphism
97
As a result of prophylactic medical examination a 7 year old boy was diagnosed with
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (only boys fall ill with it). The boy's parents are healthy but his
grandfather by his mother's side suffers from the same disease. What type of disease
inheritance is it?
A Recessive, sex-linked
B Dominant, sex-linked
C Autosomal recessive
D Autosomal dominant
E Semidominance
98
A doctor revealed tissues injury on patient's scalp with localized suppurations and diagnosed his
disease as myiasis. This infestation is caused by larvae of the following insect:
A Wohlfahrt fly
B Kissing bug
C Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans)
D Malarial mosquito
E Mosquito