2. Understanding the text: True or False?

From the information contained in the text, decide whether the statements are true or false.

(a) A lot of nuclear bomb tests were conducted all over the world in the 20^th century.

(b) Nuclear power is not extensively used energy source nowadays.

(c) There are three main reactor types in use today.

(d) There are no risks in operating any nuclear power plant

(e) There are more environmental than economic consequences of the Chernobyl accident

(f) Radioactive leakage is of considerable risk in the Murmansk region because of a great number of nuclear submarines

(g) The aquatic environment are affected by the contaminants from nuclear power plants.

(h) Resources of uranium in the world are unlimited.

3 .Find in the text the following words and expressions and translate them into Russian

man-made radioactivity boiling water reactors devastating

nuclear bomb tests pressurized-water reactors challenge

to be conducted graphite-moderated reactors long-lived

hydrogen bombs to be in charge of leakage

fallout to be scheduled

radioactive cesium energy consumption

a widely-used energy source the environmental concerns

a nuclear power plant radioactive contamination

4.Scanning

Read quickly and find a specific piece of information

1. What types of bombs were used by the USA to conduct the tests?

2. Why were nuclear bomb tests dangerous?

3. How many types of reactors can you name?

4. What different attitudes to using nuclear power do different countries have?

5. What are the main ecological worries about nuclear power?

6. What is the most difficult ethical problem concerning the risk of an accident at any nuclear power plant?

7. How long will uranium resources last?

8. What are the two processes that occur in the aquatic environment under the influence of nuclear power plants releases?

5. Grammar Reference

In the article you can see the underlined words and word expressions. Can you translate them into Russian?

The rule:

Articles:

a/an is used before

- only countable singular nouns to talk about indefinite things.

-jobs (an engineer), nationalities (an Austrian) and beliefs (a Muslim)

THE is used before

- singular and plural nouns, countable and uncountable nouns, to talk about something specific or when the noun is mentioned for a second time

• names of rivers (the Mississippi), seas (the Red Sea), oceans (The Pacific), canals (the Panama Canal), groups of islands/states (the Virgin Islands/the USA), mountain ranges (the Urals)

• the equator, the North/South Pole, the South/West/North/East, the north of England

• morning, afternoon, evening (in the morning). But: at night

• historical references/events (the French Revolution, the Dark Ages) But: World War 1

• physical environment (the country, the town)

• newspapers (the Times)

• in front of superlatives and first, last, next, only, same, right, wrong

No article is used before

• names of countries (Portugal), cities (Lisbon), streets (Regent Street), squares (Constitution Square), bridges (London Bridge), parks (Regent’s Park), Stations (Waterloo Station), individual mountains (Everest), islands (Malta), Lakes (Ontario), continents (Asia)

• substances, liquids and gases

• materials (silk)

• transport with by(by train)

A/an or the is used before

singular countable nouns refer to the group of people, animals or things. (A/The tiger lives in the jungle (We mean all tigers))

Practice Exercises

1. Find the rule for the underlined words and word expressions in the article.

II. Fill in “the” where necessary

1. …Manila is the capital of … Philippines.

2. …Andes is a mountain range in …South America.

3. A tunnel has been built beneath …English Channel.

4. …. longest river in the world is… Nile.

5. Many people have climbed …Everest.

6. …Sicily is an Italian island.

7. The capital of …Italy is …Rome.

8. …Panama Canal joins …Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

9. Do you know where …Rocky Mountains are?

10. …North Sea is between …Britain and …Norway.

11. I usually go to …work by … bus.

12. They are flying to …. Seychelles.

13. We all need …oxygen.

14. Let’s have a weekend in … mountains.

15. Sorry –it’s ….wrong answer.

16. It’s …best solution.

17. Can you ski on…. Mont Blanc?

18. It appeared in … New York Times.

19. …Australia is in …southern hemisphere.

20. …Trafalgar Square is in …London.