- •Некоторые исключения из правил чтения в английском языке
- •Due to the presence of ‘silent’ consonant letters
- •Due to special rules of pronouncing a letter combination in words of foreign origin
- •Due to the reduplication of a consonant letter in a word
- •Doubled letter – one sound
- •2. Doubled letter – two sounds
2. Doubled letter – two sounds
mm – [mm]
film-maker |
ˈfɪlmˌmeɪkə(r) |
homemade |
ˌhəʊmˈmeɪd |
homemaker |
ˌhəʊmˈmeɪkə(r) |
roommate |
ˈruːmmeɪt |
nn – [nn]
cleanness |
ˈkliːnnəs |
penknife |
ˈpennaɪf |
unnamed |
ˌʌnˈneɪmd |
unnatural |
ʌnˈnætʃrəl |
unnoticeable |
ʌnˈnəʊtɪsəbl |
unnumbered |
ˌʌnˈnʌmbəd |
ll – [ll]
candlelight |
ˈkændllaɪt |
candle-lit |
ˈkændllɪt |
soulless |
ˈsəʊlləs |
still life |
ˌstɪlˈlaɪf |
tableland |
ˈteɪbllænd |
table-leg |
ˈteɪblˌleɡ |
ss – [ss]
close-season |
ˈkləʊsˌsiːzn |
close-set |
ˌkləʊs ˈset |
cross-section |
ˈkrɒsˌsekʃn |
cross-stitch |
ˈkrɒsˌstɪtʃ |
dissatisfy |
dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪ |
dress-circle |
ˈdresˌsɜːkl |
grass-snake |
ˈɡrɑːsˌsneɪk |
goose-step |
ˈɡuːsˌstep |
misspell |
ˌmɪsˈspel |
misspend |
ˌmɪsˈspend |
pp – [pp]
lamp-post |
ˈlæmpˌpəʊst |
soup-plate |
ˈsuːpˌpleɪt |
stepparent |
ˈstepˌpeərənt |
tt – [tt]
cart-track |
ˈkɑːtˌtræk |
nighttime |
ˈnaɪtˌtaɪm |
part-time |
ˈpɑːtˌtaɪm |
short-tempered |
ˈʃɔːtˈtempəd |
short-term |
ˈʃɔːtˌtɜːm |
sweet-talk |
ˈswiːtˈtɔːk |
dd – [dd]
god-daughter |
ˈɡɒdˌdɔːtə(r) |
gold-digger |
ˈɡəʊldˌdɪɡə(r) |
gold-dust |
ˈɡəʊldˌdʌst |
midday |
ˌmɪdˈdeɪ |
sword-dance |
ˈsɔːdˌdɑːns |
kk, kc – [kk]
blackcap |
ˈblækˌkæp |
black-cock |
ˈblækˌkɒk |
black-currant |
ˌblækˈkʌrənt |
bookcase |
ˈbʊkkeɪs |
bookkeeper |
ˈbʊkkiːpə(r) |
cock-crow |
ˈkɒkˌkrəʊ |
Редукция гласных в безударных суффиксах
-ate /ı/ (nouns and adjectives) climate, private, fortunate, accurate -ite definite, favorite, opposite, infinite -age garbage, beverage, cabbage, damage, marriage -ive active, aggressive, negative, repulsive -ace furnace, menace, palace, terrace -ice notice, office, apprentice, practice, promiсe -ine engine, determine, discipline, examine, famine, medicine -ous /ı/ or /\/ dangerous, jealous, fabulous, delicious, suspicious, religious -able /\/ memorable, comfortable, dependable -ible sensible, visible, accessible, irresistible -al metal, personal, identical, horizontal -ile fertile (AmE), fragile (AmE), missile (AmE), sterile (AmE) -cial social, special, artificial, commercial, partial, official -tial influential, partial -ain (nouns and adjectives) bargain, captain, mountain, curtain -on carton, lesson, Washington -tion condition, revolution, communication -sion conclusion, decision, permission -gion region, religion -cian physician, musician, politician -tient patient -ance entrance, distance, importance, appearance -ence silence, difference, existence, residence -ar grammar, sugar, similar, peculiar -or major, colour, tailor, visitor -ure picture, nature, injure, furniture |
Ударные и безударные суффиксы
Всегда ударные суффиксы |
|
-ain -ee -eer -ese -ette -esque -ique |
(verbs only) entertain, ascertain, maintain employee, refugee, trainee volunteer, engineer, career Japanese, Portuguese, Chinese cigarette, silhouette, cassette picturesque, grotesque technique, unique, antique |
Ударение падает на слог, предшествующий данным суффиксам |
|
-ial -cial -tial -ual -ian -cian -sian -ion -ssion -sion -cient -tient -ious -eous -cious -tious -geous -gious -uous -ic -ical -ity -ify -itive -itude -logy -graphy |
memorial, trivial, proverbial financial, artificial, commercial essential, presidential, influential intellectual, individual, visual vegetarian, pedestrian, Canadian physician, politician, mathematician Parisian, Indonesian, Asian opinion, companion, million profession, discussion, permission conclusion, explosion, occasion sufficient, efficient, deficient, ancient impatient curious, luxurious, mysterious simultaneous, spontaneous, courteous suspicious, delicious, conscious ambitious, superstitious, cautious advantageous, courageous religious ambiguous, continuous, strenuous fantastic, realistic, energetic physical, classical, psychological publicity, possibility, humidity (verbs) classify, terrify, humidify repetitive, infinitive, sensitive attitude, solitude, ineptitude biology, zoology, archeology geography, autobiography, photography |
Ударение падает на второй по счету слог перед данным суффиксом |
|
-ate (verbs) operate, appreciate, exaggerate (adjectives and nouns) delicate, unfortunate, certificate -ize (verbs) apologise, criticize, recognize -ary secretary, contemporary, vocabulary |
|
Исключения из правил |
|
-ee committee, coffee -ic Arabic, arithmetic, Catholic, lunatic, rhetoric, politics -ion television, intersection -ize regularize, characterize, hospitalize, personal- ize, naturalize -tary elementary, supplementary, documentary |
|
