Вариант № 4
I. Перепишите следующие сложноподчиненные предложения, подчеркните в них придаточные и укажите, являются ли они дополнительными (Д) или определительными (О).
1) The discovery of Newton’s mistake we shall read about was made by a young physicist.
2) The weather-man reports over the radio that it will be cold today.
3) It is difficult to imagine the world we live in without radio, television and telephone.
II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на правило согласования времен в английском языке.
1) The students were told that many power stations would have installations with steam pressure of 100 atmospheres.
2) The engineer informed that all the equipment was functioning normally.
3) It was known that the first TV set had been shown at the World Fair in New York in 1939.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, выпишите из них причастия, определите их форму и функцию в предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) The converter is a device converting energy from one form to another.
2) The energy possessed by the body due to its position is called the potential energy.
3) When measuring the temperature the engineer used the ultrasonic technique.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения с независимым причастным оборотом.
1) The cheapest large collector of solar energy is an ocean or a lake, its waters being heated by the sun.
2) Hydrogen is the simplest substance, atoms of other elements having a more complex structure.
3) During the Great Patriotic War men having gone to the front, women replaced them at the factories.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующий текст.
PLANET EARTH – OUR COMMON HOME
Ecology is a science which is concerned with the interrelations of organisms and their environment that is with everything that surrounds them.
The ecologists are faced by a lot of problems in the modern world — the air we breathe the water we drink, the food we eat, the soil we stand on, the great projects we construct.
There are about 6 billion people in the world at present. The population is growing very fast and scientists believe that in a few decades it will be too big for the earth to support.
The Earth is being constantly damaged in different ways. Speaking about the growth of population we have to admit the increase of industries and their harmful effects on the environment — the pollution of air from choking factory chimneys and the pollution of water because of industrial wastes.
Among the other serious problems which our planet is facing are: the increasing consumption of energy and water, the pollution of air by car exhausts, the increasing hole in the atmospheric ozone layer, the rivers that are poisoned by industrial and agricultural chemicals, the forests that are felled and vast forest territories that are devastated by fire and acid rains.
Besides, armed conflicts and local wars add to the critical situation on the planet.
Вариант № 5
I. Перепишите следующие сложноподчиненные предложения, подчеркните в них придаточные и укажите, являются ли они дополнительными (Д) или определительными (О).
1) The number of products the plant produces grows from year to year.
2) We know that the engineers of our shop designed an electronic machine that controls the movement of a train.
3) The problem we are dealing with is very important for our laboratory.
II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на правило согласования времен в английском языке.
1) We were sure that we should decrease the number of auxiliary operations.
2) It was necessary to know whether the engineers employed those computers in industry.
3) It was said that rubber had been first discovered in South America.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, выпишите из них причастия, определите их форму и функцию в предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) While heating and cooling a metal we improve its mechanical properties.
2) Radium is still the most common radioactive element used in medicine.
3) By the end of this week the students will have conducted all the experiments.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения с независимым причастным оборотом.
1) Water and ice have nearly the same density, sound travelling at nearly the same speed through them.
2) The powerful machine-building factory having been built in our country, we began to produce new types of machines and equipment.
3) The students knowing English well, the examination did not last long.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующий текст.
NUMBER SYSTEM
Number names were among the first words used when people began to talk, but it has taken thousands of years for people to learn how to use numbers or the written figures which we call "numerals".
In early days people often counted on a scale of three or four instead of ten and sometimes other number scales were used. Later they found it more convenient to count by tens, using the fingers of both hands.
When people first began to use numbers they knew only one way to work with them; that was to count. Later they found out how to add, subtract, and multiply. Division was not often needed in ancient times in comparison with multiplication, and it is far more rarely employed than addition and subtraction at the present time.
Besides the decimal number system which we commonly use there are other systems of numeration such as the binary, octal, etc.
In ancient times it was very difficult to use fractions because they did not know any easy way of writing them. Decimal fractions were introduced in the 16th century and are now much more commonly used than common fractions.