§ 31. Economic relations of kazakhstan with the countries of near and far abroad

The external economic policy of the state has created optimum ­ conditions for effective trade and financial relations ­ of Kazakhstan with the next and other states of the world.

During the last years the trade turnover of Kazakhstan has raised on 31 %.

In foreign policy of Kazakhstan great attention is given to development of mutual relations with Russia which is the largest partner ­ of Kazakhstan. On July, 2nd, 1992 between Republic Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation the Friendship treaty, cooperation ­ and mutual aid has been signed­. On the Russian oil pipelines Kazakhstan ­ carries out oil and gas export. The Sokolov-Sarbai mining ­ production association has established direct economic relations ­ with Magnitogorsk metallurgical industrial complex.

On March, 29th, 1996 Kazakhstan has signed the Contract on deepenings of economic both humanitarian integration and creation of the customs ­ union with the states Russia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan. Between these states there are no customs and trading barriers ­ that promotes goods turnover increase between them. There was a possibility of reception by Kazakhstan from Belarus ­ vehicles necessary ­ for it, cars, the equipment, mineral ­ fertilizers and products of the chemical industry, knitted ­ production.

Stably economic relations between Kazakhstan ­ and Ukraine develop­. Kazakhstan delivers to Ukraine oil, chemical ­ production, colour and ferrous metals, automobile accumulators, skins and wool. From Ukraine Kazakhstan receives the ­ agricultural, transport technics, shuttle buses­, raw materials for food and light industry.

Direct communications between separate territories are formed: economic mutual relations Karaganda, East Kazakhstan ­ and other areas of Kazakhstan with the Dnepropetrovsk­, Kharkov, Lugansk, Donetsk areas of Ukraine were established­­.

In 1993 important agreements on mutual protection of investments and a transit order between Kazakhstan and Georgia, the given ample opportunities for realisation of goods traffics are signed­.

Mutual relations in economic and defensive branches between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan have great value. Our republic is one of consumers of the Kirghiz electric power­, joint end of building ­ of new HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION by capacity 360 Мw therefore is planned­. This energy will be delivered ­ basically in the South Kazakhstan area.

In 1998 building of a highway of Almaty ­ - Issyk Kul of 70 km has begun ­ in the extent. At Karabaltinsk factory of Kyrgyzstan the Kazakhstan uranium ores are processed. Kazakhstan creates for the next republic of a condition in realisation of cargo transportation through the territory.

The contract on cooperation on an irrigation of the earths, delivery of natural gas, coal, oil products is carried out. The agreement ­ on use of hydropower resources of water basin ­ Naryn - Syrdariya is signed­­. Both states in common use the ­ general gas pipeline. Building of the main gas pipeline ­ Bishkek - Almaty for transportation of gas from Bukhara will provide with blue fuel northern areas of Kyrgyzstan and southern areas of Kazakhstan.

Now large trading partners of Kazakhstan ­ are such countries, as England, Germany, the USA, China, Switzerland and South Korea.

On December, 23rd, 1992 the agreement on trading mutual relations between Kazakhstan and the USA has been signed. The Almaty tobacco ­ industrial complex since 1993 is under control of the American ­ company "Filip Morris". Investments of this company have been directed on national economy development.

The company "Access Industries", having redeemed joint-stock company "Ekibastuzheatingpower" in the Pavlodar area and thermal power station-2, thermal power station-3 in Pavlodar, co-operates on the basis of the arrangement with Republic Kazakhstan­.

In economic relations of Kazakhstan with the United States of America the agreement on development of oil sources of Karashyganak and the Caspian shelf, the Tengiz deposit is important­. Possibility directly ­ to use for development of manufacture the investments arriving ­ from the USA has been given many enterprises­­. Company "Rakhat" together with the American side ­ had been created company "Rahat-Banfajnama" (RBF). Contribution RBF to economy of Kazakhstan is signing of the agreement ­ on thermal power station building in Semei by means of ­ Malaysia (cost - 1 billion 300 thousand dollars, capacity ­ - 1300 Мw).

The republic Kazakhstan with a view of realisation of economic strategy signs the agreement on economic cooperation with the countries entering into the European union.

Goods turnover between Kazakhstan and Germany has risen. The government ­ of Kazakhstan has given possibility of investigation and development of the West Kazakhstan oil and gas deposits ­ of the German company "Erdel-Erdgaz Gommern". Between two countries agreements about international passenger and goods traffics, about cooperation in the field of ecology are signed.

The quantity of investments of France to Kazakhstan has increased. Now ­ in republic is available over 20 joint Kazakhstan-French establishments.

Since 1992 the economic connexion between Kazakhstan ­ and Italy was established­. Now 18 Italian firms and over 40 joint companies work­ in our country. For example­, the Aktobe macaroni factory is provided by the new Italian ­ equipment and modern technology.

The government of Kazakhstan signs the agreement with the English ­ company "Trance World Groups" which is engaged in extraction ­ and processing black and nonferrous metals. Under the direction of ­ this company Sokolov-Sarbai mining ­ production association works­.

The republic Kazakhstan has established mutual relations with countries of Eastern Europe ­ and the Baltic coast.

In 1993 between Kazakhstan and Hungary the Contract ­ on interstate trade relations has been signed­­, according to which ­ Kazakhstan delivers to Hungary clap, oil products, phosphorus, the goods of the chemical industry, importing, in turn, iatrotechnics, pipes and foodstuff.

Mutually advantageous connexion between Kazakhstan and Spain in which result Spain has had an opportunity messages with the countries of the Central Asia through territory of Kazakhstan is established­. Besides, the largest Spanish companies "Asturiass­", "Repsol" help with research and sharing ­ of oil stocks, in development of lead factories and agriculture branches.

The republic Kazakhstan attaches great value to economic ­ mutual relations with the countries of Asia. In the Asian direction ­ close economic, scientific and technical mutual relations with Japan, South Korea, China, India, Israel, Indonesia and other countries are established.

Optimum mutual relations with the unique Asian ­ country in structure "Big seven" - Japan which are carried out in three directions develop­: the trading, investment, economic help. Japan has granted to Kazakhstan the loan in 70 million dollars. Development projects in Republic Kazakhstan of the railway infrastructure corresponding to the international level, rebuilding plans and improvements of quality of the Kazakhstan highways are defined, port reorganisations, etc. Under the direction of Japanese firms are in Aktau Hromtau mining industrial complex, the Aktobe and Aksu factories of ferroalloys.

Relations between South Korea and Kazakhstan are realised through company "Sumsung" which brings the big contribution to development of a social and economic infrastructure to the Central ­ Kazakhstan.

Between the Chinese National Republic and Kazakhstan trade and economic relations ­ are established since 1992. The Chinese party has taken part in the tender of National oil corporation and has got joint-stock company "Aktobeoil" actions. After ­ equipment modernisation ­ at the enterprise the oil extracting volume has increased­.

In agriculture of Almaty area the ­ Chinese tractors, different are widely used ­ by the raised passableness ­ and an economic expenditure of fuel.

Goods traffic increase by rail Friendship-Alashankou is planned­.

Absence of direct means of communication between India and Kazakhstan ­ does not interfere with development of bilaterial economic relations. India delivers medical products­, tea and the household purpose goods in our country­.

For Kazakhstan economic relations ­ with Turkey have great value­. Kazakhstan exports to Turkey copper, zinc, hire of ferrous metals, fertilizers, skins of animals, wool. From Turkey the republic receives consumer goods, the foodstuffs, medical products, cars, buses and the equipment.

Turkish builders construct hotel "Ankara" and shop ­"Ramstore" to Almaty, macaroni factory in Petropavlov, high-rise constructions in Astana.

In Аksu (the South Kazakhstan area) the private company "Astana holding" together with the Turkish company "Kavorman Sanaui" had been constructed the enterprise for manufacture of matches.

Israel assists branches of agriculture of Kazakhstan. The Kazakhstan and Israel scientists carry out an exchange of experience on introduction of technology of gardening on saline ­ soils; tests are spent in Kazaly and Aral ­ areas of Kyzylorda region.

Sultanat Oman has granted to Kazakhstan the loan at a rate of 100 million dollars. The basic directions of mutual relations between two countries are oil pipeline building on the Caspian sea, use of one of ports Sultanat Oman for transportation of cargoes, an establishment of others trade and economic, scientific and technical and a cultural contact.

Economic relations of Republic Kazakhstan with the states Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Saudi Arabia improve­.