Imperative Sentences

In a sen-ce which is an imperative one, the word order is:

The Predicate – The Object – The Adverbial Examples. See above.

There are other ways to ask smb. to do smth.

1. Can (could) you give me your phone, please.(polite request)

2. Will you start reading, please?

3. Let’s come along. Let him go.

4. Never come late again.

To sound polite use “please”, unless it is an instruction. Ex-le: To make tea first put a spoonful of tea into a cup and then pour some boiling water.

EXERCISE 4. React to the following situations.

1. Your child told you a lie.

2. Your boyfriend/ girlfriend is always late.

3. Your boss is shouting at you.

4. They are angry with you.

5. Your brother is always using your mobile.

6. Your friend borrows money and never gives it back.

7. Your pupils don't answer your questions.

8. Your child opened the door to strangers.

9. You invite somebody to have tea with you.

10. Your children are too noisy today.

11. Your friend has decided to leave her husband/ wife.

12. You and your friends want to see a new show.

EXERCISE 5. Translate the sentences.

1. Push. Pull. 2. Please Don't Feed The Animals. 3. Fasten Seat Belts. 4. Do Not Lean Out Of The Window. 5. Please stand on the right. 6. Be­ware of the dog. 7. No Smoking. 8. Queue This Side. 9. Slow down. 10. No Parking. 11. Do Not Walk On The Grass. 12.Passengers Must Not Cross The Line. 13. Mind the doors! 14. Keep Britain Tidy! 15. Choose the language. Enter the PIN code. 16. Wait, your transaction is processed. 17. The number you have dialed is blocked. Call later. 18. Don't mobile when mobile!

EXERCISE 6. Translate the sentences.

1. He волнуйтесь! Будьте счастливы! 2. Относитесь к этому лег­че. 3. Наслаждайтесь жизнью. 4. Никогда не говори «никогда»! 5. Не обращай внимания на такие вещи. 6. Не горячись! (сохраняй спо­койствие). 7. Проваливай! Никогда больше здесь не появляйся. 8. Не кладите деньги в банк! Тратьте их! Но не тратьте слишком много! 9. Давайте будем друзьями. Давайте будем (останемся) вместе до конца. 10. Пусть играет музыка, давайте хорошо повеселимся. 11. Посетите наш сайт в Интернете. 12. Занимайся собственными де­лами! 13. Никогда не спорь со мной. Никогда не пререкайся со мной (to answer back). 14. Никогда не откладывай (put off till...) на завтра то, что можно сделать послезавтра. 15. Потише, потише, сбавь скорость. 16. Позвольте ему сделать так, как он хочет. 17. Расслабьтесь, хорошо?18. Не открывай дверь незнакомым людям, ладно? 19. Не пользуйтесь мобильными телефонами, когда вы за рулём. Это опасно. — Да знаю я это. 20. Выберите язык и введите PIN код. 21. Добро пожаловать в Великобританию!

(The ABC of English Grammar A.A. Ionina, A.S. Saakyan PP.81-82 Ex-s 15.1 – 15.3)

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY 2. You will get a piece of paper from your teacher. There are two words on it. You are ‘the word’ on the left. What kind of advice would you give to ‘the word on the right’? Say 3 dos and 3 don’ts. Use imperatives.

Teacher → Student

Student → Teacher

Questions. Asking Techniques

There are 3 common ways of forming a question in English:

1. by changing the word order typical of a statement (the direct order) into the indirect order Ex. This is my homework. → Is this my homework?;

2. by adding auxiliary verbs Ex. He comes late after work.→ Does he come late after work?;

3. by using intonation only Ex. He has gone. → He has gone?

There are a few types of questions in English: yes/no questions, information/special questions, alternative questions, tag questions. The chart below shows forms of yes/no and information/special questions.

FORMS OF YES/NO AND INFORMATION/SPECIAL QUESTIONS
	A yes/no question = a question that may be answered by yes or по.
			A: Does he live in Chicago?
			B: Yes, he does. OR No, he doesn't.
An information/special question = a question that asks for information by using a question word.
			A: Where does he live?
			B: In Chicago.
Question word order = (Question word) + helping verb + subject + main verb
Notice that the same subject-verb order is used in both yes/no and information questions.
(QUESTION WORD)	HELPING VERB/AUXILIARY VERB	SUBJECT	MAIN VERB	(REST OF SENTENCE)
(a)	Does	she	live	there?	If the verb is in the simple present, use does (with he, she, it) or do (with /, you, we, they) in the question. If the verb is simple past, use did. Notice: The main verb in the question is in its simple form; there is no final -s or -ed.
(b) Where	does	she	live?
(c)	Do	they	live	there?
(d) Where	do	they	live?
(e)	Did	he	live	there?
(f) Where	did	he	live?
(g)	Is	he	living	there?	If the verb has an auxiliary (a helping verb), the same auxiliary is used in the question. There is no change in the form of the main verb. If the verb has more than one auxiliary, only the first auxiliarv precedes the subiect, as in (m) and (n).
(h) Where	is	he	living?
(i)	Have	they	lived	there?
(j) Where	have	they	lived?
(k)	Can	Marv	live	there?
(1) Where	can	Mary	live?
(m)	Will	he	be living	there?
(n) Where	will	he	be living?
(о) Who	ø	ø	lives	there?	If the question word is the subject, usual question word order is not used; does, do, and did are not used. The verb is in the same form in a question as it is in a Statement. Statement: Tom came. Question: Who came?
(p) Who	can	ø	come?
(q)	Are	they	ø	there?	Main verb be in the simple present (am, is, are) and simple past (was, were) precedes the subject. It has the same position as a helping verb.
(r) Where	are	they?	ø
(s)	Was	Jim	ø	there?
(t) Where	was	Jim?	ø

(English Grammar B.S. Azar Unit B: Questions A8)

EXERCISE 7. For each of the following, first make a yes/no question. Then make an information question using where.

Example: They can stay there.

Yes/no question: Can they stay there?

Information question: Where can they stay?

1. She stays there.

2. She is staying there.

3. She will stay there.

4. She is going to stay there.

5. They stayed there.

6. They will be staying there.

7. They should stay there.

8. He has stayed there.

9. He has been staying there.

10. John is there.

11. John will be there.

12. John has been there.

13. Judy will have been there.

14. Ann and Tom were married there.

15. This package should have been taken there.

Yes/No Questions and Alternative Questions

If you have an idea about smth. and you are going to check whether it is right or not you ask “yes/no questions”. The answer will be either “Yes” or “No”. If you have 2 ideas (which makes an alternative, a choice between two opposite things) then you use “alternative” questions.

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY 3. Form alternative questions with the words in the first column. You can add your own question or two. Walk around the classroom to interview your group mates and complete the chart. How many people in your group are alike?

Coffe/tea person
Like dogs/cats
Early bird/ night owl
Prefer face-to-face/ on line communication
Like dark-haired girls (boys)/ fair-haired ones
Book/TV person
Enjoy listening/speaking

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY 4. Play the “guess what” game to practice alternative or yes/no questions. “I have something on my mind/in my bag/in my hand. Guess what?” Start with questions like: “Is this a person or an object?” or “Can we see this thing in the room or not?” You can work in teams or pairs.

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY 5. Ask your partner to describe the following objects.

A DOG - A CAT - A RAT – COFFEE – AN OCEAN

To help your partner with ideas ask him/her alternative questions with the adjectives “cold, dark, deep, frightening, independent, loyal, mysterious, selfish, stormy, strong, sweet, unpleasant, etc.”, ask about age, size, etc. Then ask your teacher about the meaning of what your partner has said.

Shortened Yes/No Questions

You can also use shortened yes/no questions which are typical of spoken English only. Make sure your intonation is that of a yes/no question, that is rising at the end.

SHORTENED YES/NO QUESTIONS

Going to bed now? — Are you going to bed now? Finish your work? — Did you finish your work? Want to go to the movie with us? = Do you want to go to the movie with us?

Sometimes in spoken English, the auxiliary and the subject you are dropped from a yes/no question, as in (a), (b), and (c).

EXERCISE 8. A: Find the shortened questions, then give the complete question form.

1. A: Need some help? → Do you need some help? B: Thanks.

2. A: Why do you keep looking out of the window? Expecting someone? B: I'm waiting for the mail to come.

3. A: You look tired. В: I am.

A: Stay up late last night?

B: Yup.

4. A: I'm looking forward to going to Colorado over spring vacation. B: Ever been there before?

5. A: Why are you pacing the floor? Nervous? B: Who me?

6. A: Want a cup of coffee?

B: Only if it's already made.

7. A: Heard any news about your scholarship? B: Not yet.

8. A: Hungry? B: Yeah. You?

B: Make your own mini conversation with 3 shortened yes/no questions. Act it out with your partner (both versions: with shortened and complete question forms).

(English Grammar B.S. Azar Unit B-3: Shortened Yes/No Questions Ex.13 A12- A13)

UNIT 2

Warmer