Human Rights and Responsibilities

Scenario 1: Human Rights Abuses

In Guantanamo Bay, people are being put in prison without being put on trial. Some of them have not been charged with a crime, but are being questioned and held for over 2 years. Some people have been released after being cleared of having done anything wrong. Lots of people have condemned this, saying it is an abuse of human rights, but what would you do to stop this?

Scenario 2: Closure of a local hospital

A local hospital is being planned for closure. If the hospital is closed then it will take ambulances over 45 minutes to get to Accidents and Emergencies – risking peoples lives in an emergency. But what could you do to stop this from happening?

Scenario 3: Animal Testing

Huntingdon Life Sciences is one of the world’s biggest research centres for new drugs. It also tests on animals. Many people consider the testing on animals to be cruel, and it is true to say that many animals do suffer incredibly in the process. Whether or not you agree with it, what would you do if you wanted to stop people testing on animals?

Scenario 4: Environmental Issues

There is a big business which is dumping toxic waste in a nearby river. This is having a terrible effect on the local wildlife, and could pose a real danger to the people living in the local area. The business is incredibly successful and the government has repeatedly failed to do anything about them. How do you convince the government to act? And if the government doesn’t help – who could you go to?

Appendix 3

Relations between Leninism and Stalinism

Group work. Follow the outline and get ready to discuss the relations between Leninism and Stalinism.

STALINISM

• Think of explanations for Stalinism;

• Explain how Leninism becomes one aspect of Stalinism.

Define your terms

• explain the key features of Stalinism;

• Stalin’s personality;

• Economic necessity;

• Nature of the State;

• Russian history;

• Leninism.

LENINISM

• examine Leninism in the light of Stalinism;

• Rule by one party;

• Centralized control;

• Central planning;

• Secret police;

• Use of terror;

• Collectivization ;

• Rapid industrialization.

LENINISM AS CREATION OF STALINISM

• Demonstrate how Stalin created Leninism;

• Show how Stalin used ‘Leninism’ in propaganda to justify Stalinism.

CONTINUITY AND CHANGE

Having already considered the similarities between Lenin and Stalin you should now look for where there is discontinuity between the two.

KEY AREAS

• Purges;

• Terror;

• Party, bureaucracy;

• Cult of personality;

• The economy;

• Mass mobilization;

• The peasantry.

DEVELOPING THE ARGUMENT

• Stalin the failed Bolshevik;

• to produce an argument of great sophistication look at changes to Stalinism over time;

• Stalin began to implement Bolshevik type policies but…

THE ARCH CONSERVATIVE

• Stalin failed and his regime became more and more conservative as his regime progressed.

• What would Lenin have done had he lived?

FINAL ASSESSMENT

• it depends on your view of Lenin;

• we cannot know what Lenin would have done;

• Stalin did things Lenin would have thought unthinkable, yet…;

• Lenin in many ways was responsible for Stalinism…;

even if he would not have approved off it.

CONCLUSION

• Stalinism shared some features of Leninism;

• Stalin intensified Leninist methods and went beyond them;

• Stalin’s ‘Great Turn’ implemented policies that ensured change was greater than continuity;

• As the Stalinist State became more conservative it moved further away from Lenin’s vision;

• So, Stalinism was built on Leninist foundations but ....

Basic connectives reminder:

Sequencing	Adding Similar Ideas Together	Cause and Effect	Contrast / Comparison
firstly, secondly then next afterwards later	in addition also and	therefore this meant that as a result because this led to	however on the other hand nevertheless although
description		explanation	analysis

Навчальне видання

(англійською мовою)

Бєляєва Анастасія Вікторівна

АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО СПРЯМУВАННЯ

Навчальний посібник

для студентів факультету соціології та управління

напряму підготовки «Політологія»

освітньо-кваліфікаційного рівня «бакалавр»

Рецензент Я.С. Дибчинська

Відповідальний за випуск С.В. Іваненко

Коректор А.В. Бєляєва