- •Translation of Word Combinations
- •Grammatical Aspects of Translation
- •Translation and the Problems of Style
- •Classification of Translation Techniques
- •Main Issues of Theory of Translation
- •The Concept of Translation: a Brief History
- •3. Is Translation an Art or a Craft?
- •3. Theory of Translation as a Linguistic Science and Translation Studies as an Academic Discipline
- •4. Classification of the Types (Methods) of Translation
- •5. Ethics of Translation and Translator’s Competence
- •Translation Process
- •1.Translation Strategy
- •2. Stages of Translating Process
- •3. The Problem of the Unit of Translation (ut)
- •Equivalence and Adequacy in Translation
- •1. A Brief Outline of Approaches to Defining Equivalence in Translation
- •3. Translation of Internationalisms (Borrowings) and the Problem of False Friends
- •Internationalisms (Borrowings)
- •Translation of Word Combinations
- •1. Translation of Free Word Combinations
- •2. Translation of Bound Word Combinations
- •Grammatical Aspects of Translation
- •1. Ways of Translating the Passive Voice
- •2. Ways of Translating Modal Verbs
- •3. Ways of Translating the Subjunctive Mood
- •4. Ways of Translating the Non-Finite Forms of the Verb
- •Translation and the Problems of Style
- •1. Definition of Style
- •2. Classification of Functional Styles
- •Theguardian, September, 16, 2013 Canadian scientists protest against government censorship
- •3. Translation Problems of Stylistic Devices
- •Classification of Translation Techniques
- •1. Lexical Translation Techniques
- •2. Contextual Replacements
- •3. Grammatical Transformations
- •Practice tasks
- •The Translation Process
- •Practice tasks
- •Art and fashion
- •Greenwich
- •Equivalence and Adequacy in Translation
- •Practical tasks
- •Translation of Word Combinations
- •Practice task
- •Grammatical aspects of translation
- •Practice task
- •Practice task
- •Practice task
- •Why Does Our Infrastructure Resemble a Third World Country’s?
- •9. Stages of translating process
- •11. A brief outline of approaches to defining equivalence in translation
- •20. Ways of translating the passive voice
- •22. Ways of translating modal verbs
- •33. Translation problems of lexical stylistic devices
Practice task
I. Translate these sentences into Russian, paying attention to the lexico-grammatical techniques you employed. Point out the essence of the transformation. The first two sentences are given as an example.
English sentence |
Russian translation |
He also gave money to a small North Carolina college, which became Duke University. |
Он также пожертвовал деньги на маленький колледж в Северной Каролине, который позже приобрел статус университета и был назван в честь своего мецената «Дьюк юнивесити».
Addition |
For example, over many years corporations have created enough wealth to raise living standards dramatically in industrialized nations. |
Например, за много лет корпорации накопили достаточный запас материальных ценностей, чтобы значительно поднять жизненный уровень населения в промышленно развитых странах.
nation - 1) народ, нация; народность; 2) государство, страна
Specification |
University professors sing the praises of Einstein, Socrates, and occasionally a more prestigious version of ‘Mr. Chips’.
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*Мистер Чипс - центральный персонаж книги Дж. Хилтона [Hilton, James] " До свидания, мистер Чипс" [" Goodbye, Mr. Chips"] (1935) и одноименного фильма по ней (1939); учитель латыни, отдающий все силы и любовь своим ученикам. Синоним учителя, преданного своему делу.
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He [Duke] installed Bonsak machines in four new manufacturing plants that soon ran 24 hours a day.
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Child labour, once widespread in the United States, is no longer permitted, but exists in other nations. |
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The past 20 years have seen novel changes in sentencing practices … |
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Other conceptions of labor dispense with these assumptions.
dispense with - обходиться без чего-л. |
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All successful designers, from an icon like Gaultier to a young tyro emerging from the backstreets of New York, understand that they are running a business. |
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Hopefully tomorrow's public relations practitioners will exercise more ethical control than some of their earlier forerunners.
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In the 1980s, much academic ink was spilled over the “productivity paradox,” where businesses had invested heavily in information technology over the preceding two decades, but, despite the capital outlay, had very little to show for their efforts. |
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In October 2005 he [Williamson] added an additional, iridescent feather to his cap by being appointed as the designer at Emilio Pucci. |
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There are millions of candidates online, reviewing hundreds of thousands of job openings listed at thousands of career sites on the Web. |
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Mass tourism did not really begin to develop, however, until two things had occurred. |
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Zara is renowned for whisking budget interpretation of catwalk style into its stores with breathtaking speed. |
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II. Compare the English sentences with their Russian translation and state the type of grammatical transformation.
Type of grammatical transformation |
English sentence |
Russian sentence |
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Companies in ascending industries change societies by altering all three of their primary elements – ideas, institutions, and material things. |
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The Bradford Formula is used to calculate an “attendance score”. |
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So soon as this is recognized, the distinction between economy in consumption and economy in investment becomes blurred. For, up to a point, consumption is investment in personal productive capacity.
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Prevent domination by individual members of the group by bringing in other people and asking cross-reference questions. |
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The theory is that short, frequent and unplanned absences are more disruptive than longer absences. |
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Communications are effective in a performance improvement program because of the way our brains work. |
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Our next stop is a factory floor, where four cutting tables can cut as many as 8,000 garments a day. |
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Bowling is another sport in which a number of presidents actively participated in while in the White House.
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Clearly, a focus on practice is fundamental. |
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Many persons are unaware that these crimes exist. |
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The Internet is a valuable recruiting tool, especially for reaching prospective employees in their twenties and thirties.
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This scenario is routine, happening literally hundreds of thousands of times in jurisdictions throughout the United States each year. |
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The UN Development Program says the goal of investment and trade liberalization is to improve the quality of life. |
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But I won’t pretend to be a detached, disinterested observer. Nobody believes in them anymore anyway.
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III. Analyze the following article from the point of view of employing translation techniques.
