4. Establish fair levels of performance and pay a premium for higher performance.

Workers should benefit from higher output

To encourage workers to perform at a high level of efficiency, and to provide them with an incentive to reveal the most efficient techniques for performing a task, Taylor advocated that workers should benefit from any gains in performance. They should be paid a bonus and receive some percentage of the performance gains achieved through the more efficient work process.

Taylor’s scientific method to establish work procedures resulted in reduced timeframes to perform jobs and introduced rules and procedures to industrial management. Taylor’s method became known as work study and it was embraced by several organizations. It was eventually also applied to office and administrative jobs and it became a precursor to systems analysis.

1. Scientific Work Study

Work study refers to the systematic objective and critical examination of all factors influencing the efficiency of operations to improve thereon. It involves the measurement and improvement of work. This study includes Method study, Motion study. Time study and Fatigue study.

1. Method Study: The purpose of this study is to maximise efficiency in the use of materials, machinery, manpower and capital by improving work methods. This study involves the critical examination of plant layout, product design, material handling and work processes, to minimise time, distance and cost involved in the transportation and storage of materials.

2. Motion Study: This study refers to the study of the movements of an operator or a machine involved in a task with a view to elimi­nate superfluous or useless motions and to improve the others. This study is the science of eliminating wastefulness resulting from using unnecessary illdirected and inefficient motions.

3. Time Study: This study refers to the study of the time taken to perform each operation of a job in order to find out the proper time that should be taken in doing the job. It is the art of recording, analysing and synthesising the time elements of any operation.

4. Fatigue Study: Fatigue study seeks to find out how long a person can perform the standard task without adverse effect on his health and efficiency

Scientific Task Setting

Scientific planning of a task is the technique of forecasting and view­ing ahead every step in a long series of separate operations. Each step has to be taken in the right place, of the right degree, and at the right time so that work can be done with maximum possible efficiency. The following steps are involved in scientific task planning.

1. Routing: It implies laying down the route or path to be followed by each piece of raw material before its conversion into the finished product.

2. Scheduling: It is a time table of operations is prepared to ensure completion of each piece of work at the right time. It determines the order of priority for each operation and the time to be taken for its completion.

2. Dispatching: It involves assembling of necessary resources assign­ment of jobs, supervision of work, enforcing discipline and coordi­nating activities of different individual.

3. Follow up: The last step in scientific task planning is checking of work and taking corrective steps to ensure that each piece of work is completed at the right time in the right amount and at the right cost.